Differential-diagnostic power of the questionnaire for measuring selfdiferentiation and relationship with signifant others

[T. S. Miladinović]

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Psihologija / Psychology

Da li se na osnovu znanja iz psihoanalize može konstruisati instrument koji pouzdano meri i dopunjuje postojeća saznanja o bazičnoj strukturi ličnosti utrđene na osnovu NEO PI-R i DELTA-10? Na osnovu operacionalizacije psihoanalitičkih konstrukata konstruisan je „Upitnik selfdiferencijacije i odnosa sa važnim drugim” (USO), namenjen proceni strukture ličnosti. Njegove karakteristike su proverene na uzorku od 174 ispitanika, svrstana u tri grupe: psihotični, neurotični i ispitanici bez dijagnoze. Usavršena verzija upitnika ima 69 ajtema, sa pouzdanošću od 0.91, i omogućava podjednako dobro razlikovanje ispitanika na različitim nivoima jedne latentne dimenzije. Između jednog i drugog kraja dimenzije ređaju se skale USO, svaka sa svojom glavnom temom koja odražava psihološke dileme osoba na različitom nivou strukture ličnosti: Autistične odbrane, Konfuzija granica self–drugi, Ogledanje, Inhibiranost usled ambivalencije, Agresivnost, Ulaganje u odnos u dvoje, Ljudi kao oslonac, Kontakt sa drugima u službi samorazvoja, Prihvatanje pogrešivosti. USO dobro diskriminiše kliničke grupe, sa očekivanim koeficijentom kanoničke korelacije, tj. indeksom diskriminacije od 0.5. Na osnovu diskriminativne analize utrvrđeno je da se dodavanjem USO skala facetama NEO PI-R i modalitetima DELTA-10 ukupna tačnost klasifikacije ispitanika povećava za 7.5% i iznosi 80.3%. Na osnovu kros validacije diskriminativnom analizom one-leave-out utvrđeno je da se ova tačnost smanjuje za 2.3%. Zaključeno je da ne postoje ubedljivi dokazi inkrementalnog diferencijalno dijagnostičkog doprinosa USO, nakon primene NEO PI-R i DELTA prilikom razvrstavanja kliničkih grupa. Oba pristupa proučavanju strukture ličnosti velikim delom govore o istim fenomenima bazične strukture ličnosti, različitim jezikom, i da psihoanaliza omogućuje opis suptilnih fenomena odnosa self–drugi, kao i razvoj pouzdanih skala koje ih mere.

Is it possible to construct a reliable instrument based on psychoanalytic knowledge which measure the structure of personality and adds new information after the application of NEO PI-R and DELTA? In this work some important psychoanalytic constructs are operationalized through the new instrument: The Questionnaire Selfdifferentiation and Relationship with significant others, designed to measure the personality structure (QSR). NEO PI-R, DELTA and QSR were administered to 174 participants, divided into three groups: psychotic patients, neurotic patients and participants without diagnosis. The advanced version of QSR has 69 items, with a reliability 0.91. QSR enables good differentiation of participants on different levels of one latent dimension - selfdifferentiation and relationship with significant others. From the top to the end of this dimension, nine QSR`s scales line up, each with its main theme which reflects the psychological dilemmas of people with different personality structure levels: Autistic defences, Confusion of boundaries self/other, Mirroring, Inhibition due to ambivalence, Aggressivness, Investing into couple relationship, People as anchors, Contact with others promotes self-development, Accepting fallibility. QSR discriminates well clinical groups with the coefficient of canonical corelation of 0.5 (discrimination`s index). By adding QSR`s scales to the facets of NEO PI-R and modalyties of DELTA, general accurateness of discrimination of participants into clinical groups is increased for 7.5% and reach general accurateness of 80.3% with the results of discriminative analysis. However, the one leave out discriminative analyses`s results do not confirm this data and shows decrease for 2.3% in general accurateness of discrimination of participants into clinical groups. It is concluded that there are no persuasive proofs of incremental contribution of QSR in general accurateness of discrimination of participants, after the application of NEO PI-R and DELTA. Two different approaches of personality structure`s investigation (individual differences`s model and psychoanalytic model) often use different language in explanation of similar phenomena in the personality structure. Psychoanalysis enables the description of subtle phenomena of self-other relationship as well as the development of reliable scales which can measure them.

psihoanaliza, struktura ličnosti, psihologija individualnih razlika, samodiferencijacija, odnos sa važnim drugim

psychoanalysis, personality structure, individual differences, selfdifferenttiation, relation with significant others

159.9.923(043.3)

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