Ecophysiological adaptations of selected herbaceous plants growing on the fly ash deposits of thermoelectric plant 'Nikola Tesla - A' in Obrenovac

[G. M. Gajić]

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Biologija - Ekofiziologija biljaka / Biology - Plant Ecophysiology

Zasnivanje biljnog pokrivača na odlagalištima pepela obezbeđuje fizičku i hemijsku stabilizaciju pepela, sprečava eroziju vetrom i smanjuje disperziju toksičnih hemijskih elemenata u životnu sredinu. Istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije su obavljena na području deponije pepela termoelektrane 'Nikola Tesla – A' u Obrenovcu i to na pasivnim kasetama (K3 – stara tri godine i K2 – stara jedanaest godina), kao i na kontrolnim staništima (KKo - nasip reke Kolubare; KBb – Botanička bašta „Jevremovac“ u Beogradu i KBk – naselje Bežanijska kosa u Beogradu), a obuhvatala su analize biljaka, kao i supstrata na kojima one rastu. Za ekofiziološka istraživanja bile su odabrane zeljaste biljke koje se obično koriste za biorekultivaciju pepelišta: Festuca rubra L. (K3, K2 i KBb) i Dactylis glomerata L. (K3 i KKo), kao i vrste koje spontano kolonizuju prostor na deponiji pepela: Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. (K3, K2 i KKo) i Oenothera biennis L. (K3, K2 i KBk). Osnovni cilj doktorske disertacije je utvrđivanje limitirajućih faktora staništa za nesmetani razvoj biljnog pokrivača, kao i ustanovljavanje ekofizioloških adaptivnih strategija ispitivanih biljaka koje opstaju u uslovima višestrukog stresa na deponiji pepela. Fitocenološka analiza deponije pepela TENT – A u Obrenovcu je pokazala da su na K3 najveću brojnost i pokrovnost imale sejane vrste F. rubra i D. glomerata, dok su na K2 bile dominantne spontano kolonizovane vrste C. epigejos i O. biennis. Tokom vremena na K2 se stvaraju povoljni fizičko - hemijski uslovi za rast i opstanak biljaka na pepelu, što se ogleda u smanjenju procenta ukupnog peska, a povećanju frakcije gline i glina+prah, smanjenju koncentracije rastvorljivih soli, slabo bazne reakcije pepela i povećanju kiselih katjona u adsorptivnom kompleksu, što je u velikoj meri uslovljeno aktivnošću biljaka koje su kolonizovale ovu kasetu. Količina dostupnih oblika K2O je bila najveća na K2, a P2O5 na K3, dok je količina N bila generalno mala. Na deponiji pepela, koncentracije As, B i Cu su bile toksične, (izuzev B na K2), dok su koncentracije Mn i Zn (K2) bile deficitarne. Na deponiji pepela, DTPA – As i DTPA – B, kao i udeo DTPA – dostupnih frakcija u odnosu na ukupan sadržaj ovih elemenata je bio velik, što ukazuje na potencijalna strukturna i funkcionalna oštećenja biljaka vezana za njihovu toksičnost...

Establishment of plant cover on fly ash deposits provides the physical and chemical stabilization of ash, prevents wind erosion and reduces dispersion of toxic chemical elements in the environment. Research within this thesis was carried out in the area of the fly ash deposits thermoelectric plant 'Nikola Tesla - A' in Obrenovac: passive cassette (K3 - three years old and K2 - eleven years old), as well as the control sites (KKo - embankment of the river Kolubara; KBb - Botanical Gardens "Jevremovac" in Belgrade and KBK - settlement Bežanijska kosa in Belgrade), and included analysis of plants, as well as the substrate on which they grow. For ecophysiological studies were selected herbaceous plants which are commonly used for the biorecultivation on the fly ash: Festuca rubra L. (K3, K2 and KBb) and Dactylis glomerata L. (K3 and KKo), as well as species that spontaneously colonized space in fly ash deposits: Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. (K3, K2 and KKo) and Oenothera biennis L. (K3, K2 and KBk). The main objective of the doctoral dissertation is to determine the limiting factors of site for the smooth development of the vegetation cover, as well as the establishment of ecophysiological adaptive strategies of examined plants that survive in conditions of multiple stress on the fly ash. Phytocoenological analysis of the fly ash deposit TENT - A in Obrenovac showed that on the K3, the largest number and coverage had sown species F. rubra and D. glomerata, while on the K2 were spontaneously colonized dominant species C. epigejos and O. biennis. Over time, on the K2 to create good physico - chemical conditions for the growth and survival of plants in the fly ashes, which is reflected in the reduction of the percentage of total sand, and increasing fractions of clay and clay + powder, reducing the concentration of soluble salts, weak base reactions of fly ash and increasing acidic cation of the adsorptive complex, which is largely conditioned by the activity of the plants that have colonized this disposal site. The content of available forms of K2O was the highest on the K2, and P2O5 on the K3, while the content of N was generally small. On the fly ash deposit sites, the concentrations of As, B and Cu were toxic (except B on the K2), while concentrations of Mn and Zn (K2) were in deficiency...

deponije pepela; ukupne i DTPA – dostupne frakcije hemijskih elemenata; toksičnost As i B; deficit Cu, Zn i Mn; efikasnost fotosinteze; pigmenti; fenoli; askorbinska kiselina; ukupna DPPH antioksidativna aktivnost; adaptacije

fly ash deposits; total and DTPA - available fractions of chemical elements; toxicity of As and B; deficiency of Cu, Zn and Mn; photosynthetic eficiency; pigments; phenolics; ascorbic acid; total DPPH antioxidant activity; adaptations

581.522.4: [582.776.6 + 582.542.11] : 502.174 : 533 (043.3)

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