Title
The nature of conceptual knowledge
Creator
Ilić, Olivera M., 1987-
Copyright date
2015
Object Links
Select license
Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno-Bez prerade 3.0 Srbija (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
License description
Dozvoljavate samo preuzimanje i distribuciju dela, ako/dok se pravilno naznačava ime autora, bez ikakvih promena dela i bez prava komercijalnog korišćenja dela. Ova licenca je najstroža CC licenca. Osnovni opis Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/rs/deed.sr_LATN. Sadržaj ugovora u celini: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/rs/legalcode.sr-Latn
Language
English
Cobiss-ID
Theses Type
Doktorska disertacija
description
Datum odbrane: 12.05.2015.
Other responsibilities
mentor
Ković, Vanja, 1979-
član komisije
Lalović, Dejan, 1964-
član komisije
Gvozdenović, Vasilije, 1971-
član komisije
Pavlović, Dragan, 1953-
član komisije
Thierry, Guillaume.
Academic Expertise
Društveno-humanističke nauke
University
Univerzitet u Beogradu
Faculty
Filozofski fakultet
Group
Odeljenje za psihologiju
Alternative title
Улoга тематскoг и таксонoмског знања у oрганизацији семантичке мемoрије: нормативни, бихејвиорални и неурални показатељи
Publisher
[O. M. Ilić]
Format
159 listova
description
Psychology - Cognitive Psychology / Психологија - Когнитивна психологија
Abstract (en)
Grouping similar objects together is one of the most fundamental capabilities of the humanuman brain. It allows for non-identical entities to be treated the same way, enables generalization of knowledge, and thus makes our everyday life much easier. However, there is at least one more principle relevant for the organisation of knowledge about the world. By this principle, objects are grouped based on their interactions in scenarios or events. These objects are typically not similar, but they play complementary roles while frequently co-occurring in time and space. The first type of relation is referred to as taxonomic, while the second is referred to as thematic.
The question of the roles that these different types of information may play in the organisation of semantic memory has been addressed through a series of norming and experimental studies reported in this thesis.
The pattern of results obtained in norming studies suggests that by the time controlled processing takes place, which may be situation or task required, brain will have already computed the degree of the overlap between the objects, and this estimate of the overall conceptual overlap heavily influences subsequent intentional processing. Importantly, our results suggest that the overall conceptual overlap accounts for both item similarity in terms of shared features and item contiguity, i.e. relatedness based on frequent co-occurrence and complementarity. Furthermore, there is also evidence for contiguity being given more weight than similarity when computing the conceptual relations. These findings received support in experimental studies, showing early competition of thematic and taxonomic information reflected on the measures of visual attention, and, at the same time, conceptual preference for thematically related objects. The second line of
experimental evidence came from masked semantic priming studies, in which thematic and taxonomic priming was detected, although participants were not aware of the presence of the related context. Finally, ERP data added to the discourse by providing evidence that thematic information is more easily semantically integrated, while the processing of taxonomic information requires more effort.
In summary, the results of the studies presented in this thesis give strong support to the view of conceptual knowledge being shaped by the two types of information: taxonomic, based on item similarity, and thematic, based on item contiguity.
Abstract (sr)
Способност да различите објекте групишемо на основу њихових заједничких својстава једна је од кључних когнитивних способности човека. Категоризација омогућава да неидентичне објекте третирамо на исти начин и градимо очекивања о новим објектима генерализацијом стеченог знaња, те тако значајно олакшава наше сналажење у свету. Ипак, груписање објеката на основу заједничких карактеристика није једини начин на који објекти могу бити организовани. Објекти могу бити груписани и на основу њихових интеракција, те сродности засноване на заједничком појављивању у времену и простору. Такви објекти најчешће нису слични, већ им њихове различите карактеристике омогућавају комплементарност улога које могу имати у неком догађају или сценарију. Први облик груписања назива се таксономским, док је други тематски.
У оквиру ове тезе известићемо о низу нормативних и експерименталних студија које су покушале да дају одговор на питање о томе какве улоге ове две врсте повезаности играју у организацији семантичке меморије.
Резултати нормативних студија показали су да се процесирање опште семантичке повезаности међу објектима одвија аутоматски и претходи контролисаном, стратегијском процесирању које налаже задатак или ситуација. Ова примарна, спонтана процена семантичке повезаности значајно утиче на контролисано процесирање. Наши резултати показују да се при процени семантичке повезаности наш когнитивни систем ослања на две врсте информација: сличност базирану на заједничким карактеристикама, и сродност засновану на заједничком појављивању и комплементарности објеката. Осим тога, налази говоре у прилог тези да се тематској повезаности даје предност, односно да она има већи пондер у односу на таксономску
повезаност. Дати налаз добио је подршку и у експерименталним студијама које су кроз мере визуелне пажње указале на рану компетицију тематских и таксономских информација, као и на концептуалну преференцу према тематски повезаним објектима. Друга линија експерименталних налаза потиче из студија маскираног примовања у којима су ефекти тематског и таксономског примовања били значајни иако су услови излагања прима били такви да испитаници нису могли проценити повезаност. Коначно, налази студија евоцираних потенцијала показали су већу лакоћу семантичке интеграције тематских информација, као и потребу да се уложи додатни когнитивни напор у обради таксономске повезаности.
Налази изнесених стидија дају снажну подршку хипотези да се организација концептуалног знања заснива на бар две врсте информација: таксономским, занованим на сличности објеката, и тематским, које се темеље на комплементарности ентитета.
Authors Key words
Semantic memory, Thematic relations, Taxonomic relations, Associative relations, Similarity, Eye-tracking, Thematic preference, Semantic priming, Event-related potentials, N400, P600
Authors Key words
семантичка меморија, тематска повезаност, таксономска повезаност, асоцијативна повезаност, сличност, праћење очних покрета, тематска преференца, семантичко примовање, евоцирани потенцијали, N400, P600
Classification
159.953:616.8(043.3)
Type
Tekst
Abstract (en)
Grouping similar objects together is one of the most fundamental capabilities of the humanuman brain. It allows for non-identical entities to be treated the same way, enables generalization of knowledge, and thus makes our everyday life much easier. However, there is at least one more principle relevant for the organisation of knowledge about the world. By this principle, objects are grouped based on their interactions in scenarios or events. These objects are typically not similar, but they play complementary roles while frequently co-occurring in time and space. The first type of relation is referred to as taxonomic, while the second is referred to as thematic.
The question of the roles that these different types of information may play in the organisation of semantic memory has been addressed through a series of norming and experimental studies reported in this thesis.
The pattern of results obtained in norming studies suggests that by the time controlled processing takes place, which may be situation or task required, brain will have already computed the degree of the overlap between the objects, and this estimate of the overall conceptual overlap heavily influences subsequent intentional processing. Importantly, our results suggest that the overall conceptual overlap accounts for both item similarity in terms of shared features and item contiguity, i.e. relatedness based on frequent co-occurrence and complementarity. Furthermore, there is also evidence for contiguity being given more weight than similarity when computing the conceptual relations. These findings received support in experimental studies, showing early competition of thematic and taxonomic information reflected on the measures of visual attention, and, at the same time, conceptual preference for thematically related objects. The second line of
experimental evidence came from masked semantic priming studies, in which thematic and taxonomic priming was detected, although participants were not aware of the presence of the related context. Finally, ERP data added to the discourse by providing evidence that thematic information is more easily semantically integrated, while the processing of taxonomic information requires more effort.
In summary, the results of the studies presented in this thesis give strong support to the view of conceptual knowledge being shaped by the two types of information: taxonomic, based on item similarity, and thematic, based on item contiguity.
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