Title
Biomonitoring of urban air pollution (particulate matter, trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) using mosses Sphognum girgensohnii Russow and Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.
Creator
Vuković, Gordana P., 1988-
Copyright date
2015
Object Links
Select license
Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno-Bez prerade 3.0 Srbija (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
License description
Dozvoljavate samo preuzimanje i distribuciju dela, ako/dok se pravilno naznačava ime autora, bez ikakvih promena dela i bez prava komercijalnog korišćenja dela. Ova licenca je najstroža CC licenca. Osnovni opis Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/rs/deed.sr_LATN. Sadržaj ugovora u celini: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/rs/legalcode.sr-Latn
Language
English
Cobiss-ID
Theses Type
Doktorska disertacija
description
Datum odbrane: 28.09.2015
Other responsibilities
mentor
Popović, Aleksandar, 1971-
mentor
Aničić-Urošević, Mira, 1979-
član komisije
Tomašević, Milica
član komisije
Gržetić, Ivan, 1952-
član komisije
Samson, Roeland
Academic Expertise
Prirodno-matematičke nauke
Academic Title
-
University
Univerzitet u Beogradu
Faculty
Hemijski fakultet
Alternative title
Биомониторинг загађености ваздуха градске средине суспендованим честицама, елементима у траговима и полицикличним ароматичним угљоводоницима коришћењем маховина Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow и Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw
Publisher
[ G. P. Vuković]
Format
138, V listova
description
Mathematics and Natural Sciences (Chemistry)
- Environmental Sciences (Atmospheric Air Pollution)/ Природно-математичке науке (Хемија) - Наука о животној средини (Атмосферско загађење ваздуха)
Abstract (en)
With concerns of public health escalating, monitoring programmes are increasingly being promoted globally as means for assessing urban air pollution. Although regulatory monitoring has reached the stage of development that is challenging and promising, data collection of air pollutant levels is often unevenly distributed across examined areas. In this context, active moss biomonitoring appears as a complementary method to standardized measurements of air pollutants by filling gaps in the regulatory monitoring network. In urban areas, where mosses are often scarce or even absent, the “moss bag technique” has been developed for assessment of air pollution. The aspects concerning methodological steps in the technique – selection, preparation of moss, preparation of bags and post-exposure treatments, were tested. However, further investigation of various aspects of the technique application in the field, i.e., urban environment, is still required.
This doctoral dissertation addresses several key aspects in the practical application of the moss bag technique, especially in the urban environment, demonstrating its usefulness. In the series of experiments, the moss bags were exposed over the city of Belgrade, for ten-week period, to assess content of particulate matter (PM), major, trace, and rare earth elements (REEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After exposure, the moss samples were analysed by different analytical methods: magnetic measurements, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
In the experimental set-up in five street canyons, one city tunnel, and four parking garages, vertical and horizontal spatial distribution of the elements were tested during the summer/autumn 2011 and winter 2011/2012, respectively. Within these urban environments, an emphasis was put on investigation of the exposure height of moss bag. In the street canyons, the moss bags were exposed at the heights of 4 m, 8 m, and 16 m. Based on the results, height of 4 m was recommended as optimal for the moss bag exposure. The results also indicated that the moss bags are sensitive to small-scale spatial distribution of the elements. An ability of the moss bags for biomagnetic monitoring was also outlined through the measurements of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM). Very high correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.95) were found between moss SIRM values and moss concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni.
For extensive screening of urban air pollution over the city, the moss bags were exposed at 153 sampling sites during the summer 2013. Two species, Sphagnum girgensohnii (a species of the most recommended biomonitoring moss genus) and Hypnum cupressiforme (a common moss in the study
area), were used...
Abstract (sr)
Мјерење и праћење параметара квалитета ваздуха у градској средини представља обавезу дефинисану међународним и домаћим законодавством. Постављање мреже за мониторинг са задовољавајућом просторном резолуцијом мјерних мјеста ограничено је високом цијеном потребних инструмената, као и њиховог одржавања. Стога, активни биомониторинг коришћењем маховина све више добија на значају као метода комплементарна стандардизованим мјерењима загађујућих супстанци у ваздуху. У градским срединама, тзв. условима „антропогене пустиње“, гдје маховине одсуствују, развијена је примјена технике „врећице с маховином“. До сада су, у примјени ове технике, утврђени методолошки кораци, као што су избор одговарајуће врсте маховине, начин припреме врећица и одабир третмана након излагања врећица с маховином. Међутим, и даље је неопходна валидација ове технике у реалним условима, односно у градској средини.
У овој докторској дисертацији је испитивано неколико кључних корака у практичној примјени врећица с маховином за процјену садржаја суспендованих честица, елемената у траговима, елемената ријетких земаља и полицикличних ароматичних угљоводоника (ПАУ) у ваздуху градске средине. У низу експеримената, маховине у врећици су излагане атмосферској депозицији на подручју Београда, у периоду од 10 недеља. Након излагања, узорци маховина су анализирани различитим аналитичким методама: мјерења магнетних параметара, индуктивно спрегнута плазма-оптичка емисиона спектроскопија (ICP-OES); индуктивно спрегнута плазма-масена спектроскопија (ICP-MS) и гасна хроматографија-масена спектроскопија (GC-MS).
Вертикална и хоризонтална дистрибуција елемената у траговима је испитивана у експерименту спроведеном у пет улица кањонског типа, градском тунелу и четири паркинг гараже (љето/јесен 2011; зима 2011/2012). С циљем утврђивања оптималне висине за излагање у градској средини, врећице с маховином су излагане атмосферској депозицији на 4 m, 8 m и 16 m у улицама кањонског типа. На основу добијених резултата, висина од 4 m је препоручена као оптимална за излагање врећица с маховином. Такође, испитивањем и мјерењем магнетних параметара излаганих маховина, потврђена је могућност употребе врећица с маховином у биомагнетном мониторингу.
Да би се испитао квалитет ваздуха на ширем подручју Београда, врећице с маховином су излагане на 153 мјерна мјеста (љето 2013). Коришћене су двије врсте маховина, Sphagnum
girgensohnii, као најпрепоручљивија биомониторска врста, и Hypnum cupressiforme, најзаступљенија врста у Србији...
Authors Key words
urban air pollution, active moss biomonitoring, moss bag technique, S. girgensohnii, H. cupressiforme, SIRM, major and trace elements, REEs, PAHs
Authors Key words
ваздух градске средине, активни биомониторинг, маховине у врећици, S. girgensohnii, H. cupressiforme, биомагнетна мјерења, елементи у траговима, елементи ријетких земаља, ПАУ
Classification
504.5(043.3)
Type
Tekst
Abstract (en)
With concerns of public health escalating, monitoring programmes are increasingly being promoted globally as means for assessing urban air pollution. Although regulatory monitoring has reached the stage of development that is challenging and promising, data collection of air pollutant levels is often unevenly distributed across examined areas. In this context, active moss biomonitoring appears as a complementary method to standardized measurements of air pollutants by filling gaps in the regulatory monitoring network. In urban areas, where mosses are often scarce or even absent, the “moss bag technique” has been developed for assessment of air pollution. The aspects concerning methodological steps in the technique – selection, preparation of moss, preparation of bags and post-exposure treatments, were tested. However, further investigation of various aspects of the technique application in the field, i.e., urban environment, is still required.
This doctoral dissertation addresses several key aspects in the practical application of the moss bag technique, especially in the urban environment, demonstrating its usefulness. In the series of experiments, the moss bags were exposed over the city of Belgrade, for ten-week period, to assess content of particulate matter (PM), major, trace, and rare earth elements (REEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After exposure, the moss samples were analysed by different analytical methods: magnetic measurements, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
In the experimental set-up in five street canyons, one city tunnel, and four parking garages, vertical and horizontal spatial distribution of the elements were tested during the summer/autumn 2011 and winter 2011/2012, respectively. Within these urban environments, an emphasis was put on investigation of the exposure height of moss bag. In the street canyons, the moss bags were exposed at the heights of 4 m, 8 m, and 16 m. Based on the results, height of 4 m was recommended as optimal for the moss bag exposure. The results also indicated that the moss bags are sensitive to small-scale spatial distribution of the elements. An ability of the moss bags for biomagnetic monitoring was also outlined through the measurements of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM). Very high correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.95) were found between moss SIRM values and moss concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni.
For extensive screening of urban air pollution over the city, the moss bags were exposed at 153 sampling sites during the summer 2013. Two species, Sphagnum girgensohnii (a species of the most recommended biomonitoring moss genus) and Hypnum cupressiforme (a common moss in the study
area), were used...
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