Structure, determinants and correlates of lexically derived social attitudes in Serbia

[B. D. Petrović]

355 listova

Psihologija - Psihologija individualnih razlika / Psychology - Psychology of Individual Differences

Polazeći od leksičke paradigme kao referentnog okvira koji bi trebalo da obezbedi obuhvatnost i reprezentativnost uzorka socijalnih stavova, ovo istraživanje je fokusirano na dva osnovna cilja. Prvi je da se utvrdi da li se iz rečničkog korpusa srpskog jezika mogu ekstrahovati dovoljno obuhvatni i stabilni leksički socijalni stavovi. Drugi cilj je da se ispita da li će utvrđena struktura leksičkih socijalnih stavova ići u prilog hipotezi o univerzalnosti ili hipotezi o njihovoj kulturnoj specifičnosti. U tu svrhu, u okviru ovog istraživanja realizovane su dve studije. Prva studija imala je za specifične ciljeve da kreira endogeni leksički model bazičnih socijalnih stavova deriviranih iz rečnika srpskog jezika, te da dobijeni model uporedi sa izvornim američkim modelom. Ova studija je realizovana u dva koraka. Prvi korak se odnosio na definisanje korpusa jezičkih deskriptora socijalnih stavova (termina koji se završavaju sufiksom -izam). Primenom metodologije proistekle iz leksičkog pristupa, iz rečnika srpskog jezika koji je obuhvatao oko 85000 reči ekstrahovano je 243 deskriptora socijalnih stavova (termina sa sufiksom -izam) sa pripadajuće 264 rečničke odrednice. Tih 264 definicija -izama transformisane su u upitničke stavke, koje su onda elektronskim putem aplicirane uzorku opšte populacije od 1079 ispitanika (67.7% ženskog pola, prosečne starosti 31.65 godina, sa prosečno 16 godina formalnog obrazovanja). Istovremeno, zadat je i instrument SDI-24, koji operacionalizuje 4 leksička socijalna stava sa engleskog govornog područja: Tradicionalne i religiozne izvore autoriteta, Sebične interese, Humanizam i Spiritualnost. Rezultati su pokazali da je iz rečnika srpskog jezika, primenom metodologije zasnovane na leksičkoj paradigmi, moguće izdvojiti indikatore socijalnih stavova. Oni se mogu opisati sa pet do šest širokih dimenzija socijalnih stavova. Ipak, šestofaktorski model se pokazao optimalnijim, u smislu stabilnosti strukture, odnosa sa eksternim merama, te po svojim prediktivnim kapacitetima. Tih šest širokih dimenzija se mogu interpretirati kao Tradicionalni i religiozni izvori autoriteta, Lični interesi, Humanizam, Spiritualnost, Egalitarizam i Nacionalizam. U okviru svakog od ovih faktora, moguće je identifikovati uže stavske dimenzije, kojih ima 12, interpretiranih kao: Religioznost, Tradicionalizam, Sebični hedonizam, Socijalna dominacija, Demokratske vrednosti, Vera u dobru stranu ljudske prirode, Misticizam, Filozofski idealizam, Komunizam, Anomija, Etatizam i Nacionalna privrženost. Kreirana upitnička operacionalizacija ovih stavskih dimenzija pokazuje da skale svake od njih interkoreliraju na interpretivan i zadovoljavajući način, da imaju dobre metrijske karakteristike, uključujući i vremensku stabilnost, kao i da ostavaruju smislene povezanosti sa dimenzijama originalnog američkog modela leksičkih socijalnih stavova...

Starting from the lexical paradigm as a reference framework which should ensure comprehensiveness and representativeness of the sample of social attitudes, this research focused on two main objectives. The first was to determine whether sufficiently comprehensive and stable lexical social attitudes can be extracted from the dictionary of the Serbian language. The second objective was to examine whether the established structure of lexical social attitudes goes in favor of the hypothesis proposing the universality or the other arguing their cultural specificity. For this purpose, two studies were carried out in this research. The specific aims of the first study were to create endogenous lexical model of basic social attitudes derived from the dictionary of the Serbian language, and to compare the proposed model with the original American model. This study was carried out in two steps. The first step was related to the definition of the corpus of linguistic descriptors of social attitudes (the terms ending with suffix -ism). By applying the lexical approach methodology, from the Serbian language dictionary, including around 85000 words, 243 descriptors of social attitudes with associated 264 vocabulary definitions were extracted. These 264 definitions of -isms were transformed into questionnaire items, and were electronically administered to the community sample of 1079 respondents (67.7% female, mean age 31.65 years and on average 16 years of formal education). At the same time, SDI- 24, which operationalized four lexical social attitudes in the English-speaking region, i.e., Traditional and religious source of authority, Unmitigated self-interests, Humanism and Spirituality, was applied. The results showed that from the Serbian language dictionary, using methodology based on the lexical paradigm, it was possible to extract the indicators of the social attitudes. They could be reduced to the five or six broad dimensions of social attitudes. However, the six-factor model proved to be optimal in terms of the stability of the structure, relationships with external measures, and its predictive values. These six broad dimensions could be interpreted as Traditional and religious sources of authorities, Selfish interests, Humanism, Spirituality, Egalitarianism and Nationalism. Within each of these factors, it was possible to identify 12 narrow social attitude dimensions, interpreted as: Religiosity, Traditionalism, Selfish hedonism, Social dominance, Democratic values, Faith in the good side of human nature, Mysticism, Philosophical idealism, Communism, Anomie, Etatism, and National adherence. Questionnaire-type operationalisations of these dimensions showed that these dimensions and sub-dimensions correlated in the interpretive and meaningful way, had good psychometric properties, including temporal stability, and were meaningfully related with the dimensions of the original American model of lexical social attitudes...

socijalni stavovi, leksički pristup, faktorska analiza, struktura, ličnost, nomološka mreža, konvergentna i divergentna validnost, prediktivna i diskriminativna validnost, determinante

social attitudes, lexical approach, factor analysis, structure, personality, nomological network, convergent and divergent validity, predictive and discriminative validity, determinants

316.64:811.163.41'367.62(497.11)(043.3)

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