The effect of chronic intensive training on oxidativ stress parameters and fatty acid profiles of plasma and erythrocytes in female athletes

Beograd : [A. Č. Arsić]

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Biologija - fiziologija / Biology - physiology

Intenzivna fizička aktivnost utiče na metabolizam lipida i masnih kiselina (MK), dovodi do povećane potrošnje kiseonika u mišićima i drugim tkivima što vodi povećanoj produkciji reaktivnih kiseoničnih vrsta i može uticati na funkciju imunog sistema. Uticaj hroničnog intenzivnog vežbanja na parametre oksidativnog stresa i masnokiselinski profil fosfolipida kod aktivnih sportistkinja nije dovoljno ispitivan. Zbog toga je ova studija imala za cilj da ispita MK profil fosfolipida plazme i eritrocita, parametre oksidativnog stresa, aktivnost enzima antioksidativne zaštite, kao i aktivnost monocita kao dela imunog sistema, kod dve grupe aktivnih sportistkinja: vaterpolistkinja (n=15) i fudbalerki (n=19). Kontrolnu grupu (n=14) su činile zdrave devojke istih godina starosti koje se ne bave fizičkom aktivnošću. Uprkos sličnom dijetarnom unosu, MK profil plazme pokazao je znatno veći udeo stearinske, oleinske i mononezasićenih masnih kiselina (MUFA) i značajno niži procenat ukupnih i n-6 polinezasićenih MK (PUFA) kod fudbalerki u odnosu na vaterpolo i kontrolnu grupu. Sa druge strane vaterpolistkinje su imale višu procentualnu zastupljenost palmitoleinske i arahidonske kiseline u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. MK profil eritrocita pokazao je značajno veći procenat oleinske kiseline i MUFA kod fudbalerki u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, i smanjeni procenat stearinske kiseline uz viši udeo palmitinske i palmitoleinske kiseline kod vaterpolistkinja u odnosu na druge dve grupe. Obe grupe sportistkinja su imale značajno niži procenat n-6 PUFA i ukupnih PUFA u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom. Procenjena aktivnost desaturaza i elongaza u eritrocitima takođe je promenjena kod sportistkinja. Analiza parametara oksidativnog stresa pokazala je značajno veći ukupni antioksidativni status u plazmi i veći stepen lipidne peroksidacije u eritrocitima kod sportistkinja u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Koncentracija H2O2 u plazmi bila je veća kod sportistkinja u odnosu na neaktivne žene, ali su fudbalerke imale viši nivo H2O2 i u odnosu na vaterpolistkinje. Sa druge strane, koncentracija O2 .- bila je najniža kod vaterpolistkinja a najviša kod fudbalerki, značajno viša i u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Koncentracija NO2 - u plazmi bila je značajno viša kod fudbalerki u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Aktivnost enzima antioksidativne zaštite u eritrocitima razlikovala se između sportistkinja i kontrolne grupe. Tako je aktivnost katalaze kod sportistkinja bila značajno viša u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, dok se aktivnost glutationperoksidaze nije razlikovala između ispitivanih grupa. Aktivnost superoksid-dismutaze bila je najviša kod vaterpolistkinja, i nije se značajno razlikovala između fudbalerki i kontrolne grupe. Analiza metaboličke aktivnosti mononuklearnih ćelija periferne krvi pokazala je veću aktivnost mononuklearnih ćelija kod sportistkinja, dok se produkcija O2 .- i NO2- u mononuklearnim ćelijama nije razlikovala između ispitivanih grupa. Naši rezultati su pokazali da dugotrajna intenzivna fizička aktivnost značajno utiče namasnokiselinski profil fosfolipida plazme i eritrocita, parametre oksidativnog stresa, aktivnost enzima antioksidativne zaštite, menja aktivnost mononuklearnih ćelija periferne krvi ali ne utiče na produkciju O2 .- i NO2 - u mononuklearnim ćelijama. Zapažene razlike između grupa vaterpolistkinja i fudbalerki ukazuju da tip sporta igra značajnu ulogu u promenama u metablizmu kod sportistkinja.

Intensive physical activity affects metabolism of lipids and fatty acids (FA), increases consumption of oxygen in muscles and other tissues that leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species and can affect immune system. The effect of chronic intensive exercise on parameters of oxidative stress and phospholipids FA composition in elite female athletes has not been studied extensively so far. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate FA profiles in plasma and erythrocytes phospholipids, parameters of oxidative stress, activity of antioxidative enzyme system and activity of monocytes as a part of immune system in two groups of active female athletes: water polo (n=15) and football (n=19) players. The control group was composed of 14 apparently healthy age-matched sedentary women. In spite of similar dietary patterns, plasma FA profile in the football players showed significantly higher proportion of stearic acid, oleic acid and monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and significantly lower proportion of total and n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) than the water polo and control group. The water polo players had higher percentages of palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid than the control subjects. Erythrocyte FA profile differed among groups. We found significantly higher proportion of oleic acid and MUFA in the football group than in the controls, and decreased stearic acid and elevated palmitic and palmitoleic acid in the water polo players than in the other two groups. Both groups of athletes had significantly lower percentages of n-6 PUFA and total PUFA compared to the controls. The estimated activities of elongase and desaturases in erythrocytes were also altered in the athletes. Analysis of oxidative stress parameters showed significantly higher plasma total antioxidant status and higher lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of the athletes than in the controls. Concentration of H2O2 in plasma was higher in the athletes compared with sedentary women, but also higher in football than in the water polo players. On the other hand, level of O2 .- was the lowest in water polo players and the highest in the football group. Concentrations of both O2 .- and NO2 - were significantly higher in the football than in the control group. Catalase activity was significantly higher in the athletes that in sedentary women, while glutation peroxidase activity was similar in all groups. Superoxide-dismutase activity was higher in the water polo group than in the other two groups. Furthermore, metabolic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher in the athletes, and production of O2 .- i NO2 - in mononuclear cells did not differ among the studied groups. Our results have shown that long-term, intense physical training significantly affected FA status of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in women. It also changes metabolic activity of mononuclear cells but not the production of O2 .- i NO2 - in mononuclear cells. The observed differences between the water polo and the football players suggest that the type of regular training may contribute to the altered metabolism in athletes. Key words: phospholipids, fatty acids, physical activity, water polo, football, female athletes

Fosfolipidi, masne kiseline, fizička aktivnost, vaterpolo, fudbal, sportistkinje, slobodni radikali, enzimi antioksidativne zaštite, mononuklearne ćelije

Phospholipids, fatty acids, physical activity, water polo, football, female athletes, free radicals, antioxidant enzymes, mononuclear cells

577.115.3 (043.3)

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