Synthesis, functionalization and application of activated carbon micro and nano materials

[S. Krstić]

IX, 110 listova

Tehnološke nauke - Inženjerstvo materijala / Technology sciences - Materials engineering

Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije bio je sinteza, usavršavanje i primena novih ugljeničnih materijala optimalnih adsorpcionih i tehno-ekonomskih karakteristika korišćenjem hidrotermalne metode sinteze, kao i ispitivanje uticaja aktivacije na krajnja svojstva i mogućnost primene dobijenih materijala. Hidrotermalnom metodom se, iz saharida kao polaznih materijala, sintetizuju „hidročađi”, materijali koji sadrže veći udeo ugljenika od saharida, ali nisu aktivni. Naknadnom aktivacijom hidročađi, korišćenjem različitih hidroksida, dobijaju se aktivirani ugljenični materijali. Dobijeni aktivirani ugljenični materijali ispitivani su u oblasti zaštite životne sredine kao adsorbenti u sistemima za uklanjanje teških metala i zagađujućih boja (metilen plave i metil oranž) iz otpadnih voda. Takođe, ispitivane su termijske osobine dobijenih materijala za primenu u sistemima za skladištenje električne energije. Uticaj parametara hidrotermalne sinteze i uslova aktivacije sintetizovanih materijala ispitivan je variranjem temperature hidrotermalnog procesa, vremena zadržavanja i koncentracije vodenog rastvora polaznog materijala kao i promenom temperature i vrste aktivacije, aktivirajućeg agensa i odnosa količine aktivirajućeg agensa i materijala koji se aktivira. Izvršena je karakterizacija dobijenih uzoraka aktiviranih ugljeničnih materijala, različitih fizičkih i površinskih osobina, na osnovu kojih je izvršen odabir najefikasnijeg uzorka za uklanjanje datih zagađivača iz životne sredine. Postupak sinteze aktiviranih ugljeničnih materijala sastojao se od pripreme materijala hidrotermalnom obradom vodenih rastvora saharida (fruktoze, glukoze i saharoze) pri blagim uslovima (na 160, 200 i 240 °C), a potom mehanohemijskom aktivacijom dobijene hidročađi uz pomoć KOH, NaOH i LiOH i poređenjem dobijenih rezultata...

The subject of the research of the presented doctoral dissertation was synthesis, improvement and application of active carbon materials of optimal adsorption and techno-economic characteristics, obtained by hydrothermal method. Also, the influence of activation on the final properties and the possibility active carbon materials application have been studied. The synthesis of active carbon materials was carried out applying hydrothermal method using saccharides as starting materials, which represent the first step in the synthesis process. In this step, carbon containing samples were derived, but they had no active properties. Carbon containing materials obtained after hydrothermal process were called "hydrochar". Afterwards, they were activated by chemical activation process with various hydroxides, and final samples with specified active features were synthesized. The application of activated carbon materials was found in the field of environmental protection as an adsorbent in the systems with heavy metal and polluting dyes removal from wastewater. Testing of thermal properties of materials for use in electrical energy storage systems was also investigated. In order to examine the influence of the parameters of both the hydrothermal method and activation process, experiments were conducted by varying following parameters: temperature of hydrothermal process, starting material, retention time, concentration of the aqueous solution of the starting material as well as type of activation agent. Carbon materials samples of different physical and surface characteristics were characterized and the most efficient sample was selected for removal of given environmental pollutants. The process of synthesis of activated carbon materials consisted of the preparation of the material by hydrothermal treatment of aqueous solutions of saccharides (fructose, glucose and sucrose) under gentle conditions (at 160, 200 and 240 ° C), followed by mechanochemical activation by three hydroxides KOH, NaOH and LiOH and comparison of obtained results were examined...

aktivni ugljenik, hidrotermalna metoda, saharidi, mehanohemijska aktivacija hidroksidima, adsorpcija teških metala, uklanjanje boja

active carbon, hydrothermal method, saccharides, mechanochemical activation by hydroxides, heavy metal adsorption, toxic dyes removal

66.017:546.26:544.463(043.3)

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