Monitoring the effect of trout farms on the antioxidative enzyme activity level in Ephemera danica larvae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera)

[M. Lj. Božanić]

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Biologija - Morfologija, sistematika i filogenija životinja / Biology - Morphology, systematics, and phylogeny of animals

U monitoringu površinskih voda neophodno je pored praćenja abiotičkih faktora uključiti i biotičku komponentu tj. analizirati sastav i strukturu zajednica vodenih organizama. Da bi se dobila kompletnija slika o stanju vodenog ekosistema koriste se organizmi bioindikatori. Larva Ephemera danica ima specifične morfološke i funkcionalne karakteristike te je pogodan model organizam za studije biomonitoringa. Cilj doktorske disertacije je praćenje uticaja ispusnih voda pastrmskog ribnjaka na nivo aktivnosti enzima antioksidativne zaštite kod larvi E. danica, ispitivanje stepena bioakumulacije teških metala u telu larvi, vodi i sedimentu reke Skrapež, utvrđivanje faunističkog sastava makrozoobentosa istraživane tekućice. Hidrobiološka istraživanja reke Skrapež sprovedena su tokom 2015. (proleće, leto i jesen) i 2016. godine (zima) na jednom lokalitetu iznad i tri lokaliteta nizvodno od pastrmskog ribnjaka. Dvofaktorska analiza varijanse je pokazala da aktivnost SOD karakteriše veća sezonska varijabilnost, aktivnost GPx karakteriše značajnija longitudinalna varijabilnost i u svim sezonama dolazi do statistički značajnog porasta aktivnosti GPx na drugom lokalitetu, što ukazuje da organsko zagađenje poreklom sa ribnjaka indukuje oksidativni stres kod vrste E. danica. Koncentracija ukupnog glutationa (GSH) dostiže maksimum u jesen na drugom lokalitetu, što je negativan uticaj pastrmskog ribnjaka. Analiza CIA je pokazala postojanje statistički značajne kostrukture između PCA korelacione matrice koncentracija teških metala u sedimentu i u telu E. danica. Indeks saprobnosti ukazuje na uticaj ribnjaka kroz pogoršanje kvaliteta vode nizvodno od njega. Njegov uticaj je i u smanjenju procenta sekača nizvodno od ribnjaka, a povećanju sakupljača, aktivnih i pasivnih sakupljača filtratora.

biotic component, i.e., to analyses the composition and structure of communities of aquatic organisms. Bioindicator organisms are used to get a more complete picture of the state of an aquatic ecosystem. The larva of Ephemera danica has specific characteristics that make it a suitable model organism for biomonitoring studies. The purpose of the doctoral dissertation was to monitor the influence of outlet water of a trout farm on the level of activity of antioxidative defense enzymes in larvae of E. danica; test the degree of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the body of larvae, water, and sediment, and establish faunistic composition of the macrozoobenthos. Hydrobiological investigation of the Skrapež River was conducted during 2015 (spring, summer, and fall) and 2016 (winter) at one locality upstream from the trout farm and three localities downstream from it. Two-factor analysis of variance showed that SOD activity is characterized by high seasonal variability, GPx activity is characterized by considerable longitudinal variability, and a statistically significant increase of GPx activity occurs in all seasons at the second locality, which indicates that organic pollution originating from the fish farm induces oxidative stress in the species E. danica. The concentration of total glutathione (GSH) attains a maximum in the fall at the second locality, which is a negative effect of the trout farm. Use of CIA revealed the existence of a statistically significant contracture between PCA of the correlation matrix of heavy metal concentrations in the sediment and in the body of E. danica. The saprobity index indicates influence of the fish farm in the form of a worsening of water quality downstream from it. Influence of the fish farm manifested in a decrease in the choppers at localities downstream from it, and an increase in the gatherers (active and passive gatherer-filterers).

pastrmski ribnjak, E. danica, makrozoobentos, biomonitoring, antioksidativna odbrana, bioakumulacija teških metala, biotički indeksi

trout farm, E. danica, macrozoobenthos, biomonitoring, antioxidative defence, bioaccumulation of heavy metals, biotic indexes

574.64:591.5(043.3)

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