From alcohol consumption to cultural conceptualization of drinking : anthropological research based on youth population in Belgrade

[N. V. Milanović]

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Etnologija i Antropologija / Ethnology and Anthropology

U disertaciji se, iz antropološke perspektive, istražuje povezanost konzumacije alkoholnih pića i populacije mladih kao ciljne grupe. Konzumaciji alkohola pristupilo se kao društvenoj praksi i činu koji se odigrava u specifičnim socijalnim kontekstima. Pod društvenim i kulturnim konceptualizacijama pijenja se podrazumevaju svi oni oblici ponašanja i praksi koji se formiraju oko konzumacije alkohola, bilo da su u pitanju svakodnevni rituali, poput pića nakon napornog dana, ili neki rekurentni događaj, ritual životnog ciklusa (poput proslavljanja punoletstva); alkoholna pića igraju uloge markera i graničnika između rada i dokolice. S tim u vezi, cilj je bio istražiti deljene prakse pijenja među mladima, kao vid participativnih aktivnosti. Kroz ove aktivnosti, osmišljavaju se lični i kolektivni identiteti, podložni manipulisanju. Pijenje predstavlja integrativni deo svakodnevice mladih, a na osnovu subjektivnih iskustava, koja su u sadejstvu sa aproprijacijama vladajućih normi u društvu, mladi konceptualizuju pijenje i opijanje pre svega kao vid užitka i provođenja slobodnog vremena, ali i kao socijalni problem ili, pak, kao „alatku“ za osporavanje vladajućih normi. Osnovna hipoteza u radu jeste da je alkoholno piće, iako je nastalo na hemijskim osnovama i u našim telima izaziva metaboličke promene, simbolički prazno dok se značenja u njega ne „upišu“. Ova značenja koreliraju sa istorijskim, političkim, ekonomskim i društvenim parametrima. Mladima se pristupilo ne kao homogenoj grupi, koja deli jedan zajednički identitet, već kao polimorfnoj. Mladi putem praksi pijenja pre svega osmišljavaju koncepte zabave i provođenja slobodnog vremena (dokolice). Metodološki postupak zasnovan je na tri nivoa: pisanim upitnicima, intervjuima i posmatranju sa učestvovanjem. Ovako sprovedena kombinacija kvantitativnog i kvalitativnih metoda omogućila je uvid u etnoeksplikacije o piću i pijenju, mestima i nemestima pijenja, stilovima pijenja (pre svega binge-drinking) i kafanama kao etnografskim arenama u kojima se odigravaju visoko ritualizovane forme ponašanja. Parkovi, kućne žurke, klubovi i kafane dobijaju na taj način oznaku mesta konvivijalnosti. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da se identiteti, putem praksi pijenja kao kroz posebnu prizmu transgresije sopstva, artikulišu, preinačuju i transformišu, čime se potvrđuje i druga premisa u disertaciji

The dissertation tackles the relation between alcohol consumption and youth as focus group, from anthropological perspective. In these terms, alcohol consumption is understood as a cultural practice, which takes place in specific social context. Cultural and social conceptualizations of drinking entail all those behavioral patterns and practices that shape and stem from alcohol consumption as such, whether the drinking occasion is a part of daily rituals (such as having a drink after a long day), or a recurrent life event (such as coming of age); alcohol plays as border marker between work and leisure. Bearing that in mind, the goal of the disseration was to inquire shared drinking practices among youth population, as a form of participative activity. Through these activities, individual and collective identities are being (re)imagined and manipulated. Drinking is an integrative part of the „ordinary“ and daily, and based on personal experiences, which interact with appropriation of norms in the society, young people conceptualize drinking as an aspect of enjoyment and hedonism, but also as a social problem or a means to challenge the proclaimed norms. The first premise is that an alcoholic drink, although it is a chemical „compound“ and triggers metabolic processes in our bodies, is symbolically empty, until the meanings are inscribed. These meanings correlate with historical, political, economic and social parameters in a given society. The youth is perceived not as a homogenous group that shares a single unique identity, but as a polymorph one. Through drinking practices, young people construct the notions of fun and leisure. Three levels of methodological conduct were combined: questionnaires, in-depth informal interviews and participant observation. Through such mixed methods, the insight into following is gained: ethno-explications on drinks and drinking; places and spaces of drinking and drinking styles (binge-drinking being the prominent style) and kafana as an ethnographic arena in which highly ritualized forms of practice take place. Public parks, house parties, clubs and kafana are marked as places of conviviality. The results show that indeed, identities are transformed through drinking practices, and transgression of self is articulated and shifted, thus confirming the second premise.

antropologija alkohola, prakse pijenja, mladi, opijanje, kafana

anthropology of alcohol, drinking practices, youth, getting drunk, kafana

316.7:178.1-053.6(497.11 Beograd)(043.3) 39:178.1-053.6(497.11 Beograd)(043.3)

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