Identification and characterization of Penicillium and Talaromyces species from stored fruits and vegetables in Serbia

[S. Stošić]

149 str.

Biologija - Algologija i mikologija / Biology - Algology and Mycology

Voće i povrće predstavlja značajan deo poljoprivrednih proizvoda, i njihovo konzumiranje je deo izbalansirane ljudske ishrane, jer su plodovi bogati vodom, ugljenim hidratima, vlaknima i mikronutrijentima. Gljive iz rodova Penicillium i Talaromyces predstavljaju neke od najznačajnijih skladišnih patogena plodova voća i povrća. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je izolacija, identifikacija i karakterizacija vrsta iz navedenih rodova sa uskladištenih plodova voća i povrća u našoj zemlji. Primenjen je polifazni pristup, kombinacija tradicionalnih mikrobioloških, molekularnih, filogenetskih i fitopatoloških metoda. Sa 14 biljnih domaćina (plodovi jabuka, krušaka, dunja, nektarina, limuna, mandarina, pomorandže, grejpfruta, kivija, paradajza, lukovica belog i crnog luka, korena šargarepe i krtola krompira) dobijeno je 173 izolata Penicillium i Talaromyces spp. Identifikovano je 9 vrsta gljiva: Penicillium allii, P. crustosum, P. digitatum, P. expansum, P. italicum, P. olsonii, P. polonicum, Talaromyces minioluteus, T. rugulosus. Sve navedene vrste su potvrđene kao fitopatogeni na izvornim domaćinima, osim izolata sa krtola krompira. Rezultati ovog rada su prve detekcije u svetu sledećih vrsta gljiva kao skladišnih fitopatogena: T. minioluteus na plodovima kruške, dunje, paradajza, pomorandže i lukovica crnog luka; T. rugulosus na plodovima kruške i limuna; P. italicum na lukovicama belog luka. Nalaz P. olsonii kao patogena ploda paradajza je prvi za područje čitave Evrope. U prve fitopatogene nalaze u Srbiji spadaju i: P. expansum na plodovima nektarine, grejpfruta, kivija, limuna, paradajza, pomorandže, kruške i korenu šargarepe; P. allii na lukovicama belog i crnog luka; P. digitatum na plodovima limuna; P. polonicum na lukovicama belog luka i plodovima limuna i paradajza.

Fruits and vegetables are a significant part of agricultural products, and their consumption is a part of a balanced human diet, considering that they are rich in water, carbohydrates, fiber, and micronutrients. Fungi from the genera Penicillium and Talaromyces are some of the most significant postharvest pathogens of fruits and vegetables. The aim of this research was to isolate, identify, and characterize species from the mentioned genera found on stored fruits and vegetables in our country. A polyphasic approach was applied, combining conventional microbiological, molecular, phylogenetic, and phytopathological methods. One hundred and seventy three isolates of Penicillium and Talaromyces spp. were obtained from 14 plant hosts (apples, pears, quinces, nectarines, lemons, mandarins, oranges, grapefruits, kiwis, tomatoes, bulbs of onion and garlic, carrot roots, and potato tubers). A total of 9 fungal species were identified: Penicillium allii, P. crustosum, P. digitatum, P. expansum, P. italicum, P. olsonii, P. polonicum, Talaromyces minioluteus, T. rugulosus. These species were confirmed as phytopathogens on their originating hosts, except the isolates from potato tubers. The results of this study represent the first detections in the world as postharvest pathogens: T. minioluteus on pear, quince, tomato, orange, and onion bulbs; T. rugulosus on pear and lemon fruits; P. italicum on garlic bulbs. The finding of P. olsonii as a tomato fruit pathogen is the first for the entire Europe. First findings as phytopathogens in Serbia also includes: P. expansum on nectarine, grapefruit, kiwi, lemon, tomato, orange, pear fruits, and carrot roots; P. allii on onion and garlic bulbs; P. digitatum on lemon fruits; P. polonicum on garlic bulbs, and lemon and tomato fruits.

multigenska karakterizacija, patogenost, Penicillium, plava trulež, plodovi, polifazni pristup, Talaromyces, voće i povrće, zelena trulež

blue mold, green mold, fruits and vegetables, multigenic characterization, pathogenicity, Penicillium, polyphasic approach, seed-bearing structure, Talaromyces

582.282.123.2:631.563(043.3)

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