Assessment of emotional intelligence of pharmacists through professional development programs

[D. R. Senćanski]

99 str.

Farmacija - Farmaceutske nauke - Socijalna farmacija i istraživanje farmaceutske prakse / Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical sciences - Social pharmacy and pharmaceutical practice research

Emocionalna inteligencija (EI) predstavlja sve važniji aspekt potrebnih kompetencija savremenog farmaceuta, koji je značajan član tima zdravstvenih radnika, a koji svakom pojedinačnom pacijentu pruža zdravstvenu zaštitu (ZZ) najvišeg kvaliteta. S obzirom da su istraživanja EI kod farmaceuta u praksi limitiranog opsega u svetu, a u Republici Srbiji ih nema, ova disertacija imala je za cilj da kulturološki adaptira i ekspertski validira jedan od multidimenzionalnih upitnika za procenu EI, da bi isti bio korišćen u istraživanjima. Istraživanja su bila usmerena na procenu EI i percipiranog stresa (PS), i njihove korelacije, u grupama farmaceuta koji su prolazili edukacije za uvođenje novih standardizovanih usluga i onih koji to nisu, farmaceuta koji su završili programe profesionalnog usavršavanja na farmaceutskom fakultetu i onih koji su ih tek započeli (dve studije preseka), kao i da kod njih utvrdi da li kratkoročne intervencije usmerene na razvoj EI mogu da daju pozitivne ishode na procenjene nivoe EI (studija mešovitog tipa po principu “pre i posle”). Cilj istraživanja je bio i da se proceni razumevanje i mišljenje farmaceuta o značaju EI za kliničku praksu i dobiju sugestije za unapređenje programa njihovog profesionalnog razvoja (kvalitativna studija metodom fokus grupa). Dobijeni rezultati su obrađeni prevashodno metodama deskriptivne i korelacione statistike. Kvalitatitivni podaci su doslovno transkribovani, kodirani i analizirani induktivnim tematskim pristupom. Podaci ukupno 220 farmaceuta su u potpunosti mogli biti obrađeni. Studije preseka nisu pokazale značajnu razliku u nivoima EI i PS između grupa slučajeva i grupa kontrola, ali su jasno pokazane negativne inverzne korelacije između EI i PS (r=-0,370, p<0,01; r=-0,543, p<0,01). Kratkotrajna intervencija nije dala statistički značajno povećanje ukupnog nivoa EI ispitanika, ali je proizvela statistički i klinički značajno povećanje nivoa subdomena emocionalne samokontrole. Kvalitativno istraživanje je dalo jasniju sliku rezultata faza koje su joj prethodile i potvrdilo značaj EI za farmaceutsku praksu, kao i potrebu da se EI i programi koji stimulišu njen razvoj uvrste u sve stadijume kontinuuma edukacije i profesionalnog razvoja farmaceuta. Sve istraživačke studije u okviru disertacije su potvrdile da postojeći programi profesionalnog razvoja farmaceuta ne doprinose dovoljno razvoju njihove EI. Negativne korelacije između EI i pojedinih njenih subdomena i PS sugerišu na potencijalni protektivni efekat EI prema stresu. Predloženi načini i programi razvoja EI, koji bi bili deo kontinuiranog procesa profesionalnog razvoja farmaceuta doprineli bi efektivnosti u radu farmaceuta, opštem osećanju zadovoljstva, a time i pružanju ZZ najvišeg kvaliteta.

Emotional intelligence (EI) represents an increasingly important aspect of the required competencies of a modern pharmacist, who is an important member of the team of healthcare (HC) workers and who provides the highest quality HC to each individual patient. Given that EI research amongst pharmacists in practice is of limited scope globally, and there are none in the Republic of Serbia, this dissertation aimed to culturally adapt and validate one of the multidimensional questionnaires for assessing EI so that it could be used in research. The research was aimed at evaluating EI and perceived stress (PS) and their correlations in groups of pharmacists who underwent training for the introduction of new standardised services and those who did not, pharmacists who completed professional development programs at the Faculty of Pharmacy and those who have just started (two cross-sectional studies), as well as to determine whether short-term interventions aimed at the development of EI can produce such a result (a mixed-method study based on the pretest post-test design). The research aimed to assess pharmacists' understanding and opinion of the importance of EI for clinical practice and to get suggestions for improving their professional development programs (qualitative study using the focus group methodology). The results were analysed primarily using descriptive and correlational statistics. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using an inductive thematic approach. The data of 220 pharmacists in total could be fully processed. Cross-sectional studies showed no significant difference in EI and PS levels between case and control groups, but negative inverse correlations between EI and PS were demonstrated (r=-0.370, p<0.01; r=-0.543, p<0.01). The short-term intervention did not produce a statistically significant increase in the subjects' total EI levels but produced a significant increase in the levels of the emotional self-control subdomain. Qualitative research gave a clearer picture of the results of the preceding phases. It confirmed the importance of EI for pharmaceutical practice and the need to include EI and programs that stimulate its development in all stages of the continuum of education and professional development of pharmacists. All research studies within the dissertation confirmed that pharmacists' existing professional development programs do not contribute enough to their EI development. Negative correlations between EI and some of its subdomains and PS suggest a potential protective effect of EI against stress. The proposed ways and programs of EI development, which would be part of the continuous pharmacists’ professional development, would contribute to their effectiveness at work and their general well-being and thus contribute to the provision of the highest quality HC.

Emocionalna inteligencija, Farmaceuti, Farmaceutska zdravstvena zaštita, Farmaceutske usluge, Precipirani stres, Kontinuirana farmaceutska edukacija, Programi profesionalnog usavršavanja

Emotional intelligence; Pharmacists; Pharmaceutical care; Community pharmacy services; Perceived stress; Continuing pharmacy education; Professional development programmes

615.014(043.3)

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