Title
Spectral functions and mobility of the holstein polaron
Creator
Mitrić, Petar, 1995-
CONOR:
134829833
Copyright date
2023
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Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno-Deliti pod istim uslovima 3.0 Srbija (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
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Language
Serbian
Cobiss-ID
Theses Type
Doktorska disertacija
description
Datum odbrane: 21.12.2023.
Other responsibilities
Academic Expertise
Prirodno-matematičke nauke
Academic Title
-
University
Univerzitet u Beogradu
Faculty
Fizički fakultet
Alternative title
Спектралне функције и покретљивост Холштајновог поларона
Publisher
[P. Mitrić]
Format
XXVIII, 231 str.
description
Physics - Condensed matter physics / Физика - Физика кондензоване материjе
Abstract (en)
The electron-phonon interaction significantly affects the properties of semiconducting materials. Because
of it, the phononic cloud can renormalize electrons, which leads to the emergence of polarons -
a new quasiparticle that now, instead of the electron, plays the role of the current carrier in our system.
The consequences of polaron formation are most easily studied using simplified models of electronphonon
systems. Among these models, the simplest one is the Holstein model, which successfully
reproduces the most important polaronic effects. In practice, the Holstein model is used for testing
and developing various theoretical methods that can subsequently be applied to more complex models
or even real materials. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the single-particle and transport
properties of the Holstein model using different methods.
Until recently, it was widely accepted that the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) provides a
good description of the single-particle properties of the Holstein model only in the cases of threedimensional
or even higher-dimensional systems. However, our results show that DMFT actually
provides an excellent description of single-particle properties even in the one-dimensional case, regardless
of the regime, which is determined by temperature, phonon frequency, and electron-phonon
coupling strength. We have reached these conclusions by comparing the results obtained using this
method, with the most reliable results currently available in the literature. Although DMFT is approximate,
it is also a nonperturbative method that is exact in two different limits: in the weak coupling limit
and in the atomic limit. Having in mind that DMFT neglects non-local correlations, which are most
pronounced in the one-dimensional case, our conclusions about the high reliability of this method are
expected to continue to hold in an arbitrary number of dimensions as well. This has been explicitly
verified on the example of the effective mass in one-, two-, and three-dimensional cases. In addition,
we have also presented a numerical procedure for the application of DMFT that requires very little
computational resources. Therefore, this method allows us to easily generate a large amount of reliable
results in different regimes, which can now be used to assess the quality of any other method. One
such method that we intend to investigate more thoroughly is the cumulant expansion (CE) Method.
In contrast to DMFT, the CE is a perturbative method that does not rely on Dyson’s equation for
the calculation of the single-particle properties. Although CE does not provide reliable results in all
regimes, the advantage of this method in comparison to the DMFT is that it can be easily applied
to significantly more complex models, and even to real materials. Therefore, it is very important to
determine in which parameter regimes can CE be expected to give an adequate description of the
observed physical system. In this dissertation, this was investigated on the example of the Holstein
model, by comparing the CE with the DMFT results, which we have already established as reliable.
It turns out that, although CE is exact only in the weak coupling and atomic limits, reliable approximate
predictions of this method are possible even for moderate interactions, where the corresponding
spectral function accurately reproduces both the quasiparticle and the first satellite peak. This is signifix
icantly better than what would be obtained using the lowest-order perturbation theory. In addition, the
high-temperature results of the CE look promising, although we proved, using the spectral sum rules,
that this method cannot be exact in the limit T → ∞.
For the study of transport properties, we focused on calculating mobility and a somewhat more
general quantity, the optical conductivity.Within the framework of linear response theory, both of these
quantities can be represented as the sum of the so-called bubble term, determined by the single-particle
properties, and vertex corrections. The bubble term for mobility μ was calculated numerically, and
detailed comparisons were made between the DMFT and CE predictions. We established that at high
temperatures, the charge mobility assumes a power law μ ∝ T−2 in the case of very weak coupling,
and μ ∝ T−3/2 for somewhat stronger coupling. We analytically proved that in the weak coupling
and atomic limits of the Holstein model, the vertex corrections of mobility are vanishing. In all other
regimes, the contribution of vertex corrections was examined numerically, by calculating the bubble
term using the DMFT and by comparing it to the exact result from the literature.
Abstract (sr)
Интеракциjа између електрона и фонона значаjно утиче на особине полупроводнич-
ких материjала. Захваљуjући њоj, фононски облак може ренормализовати електрон и на
таj начин довести до поjаве поларона – нове квазичестице коjа сада, уместо електрона,
постаjе носилац струjе у посматраном систему. Последице поjаве поларона наjлакше се
проучаваjу помоћу поjедностављених модела електрон-фононских система. Наjjедностав-
ниjи међу њима jе Холштаjнов модел, коjи успешно репродукуjе наjважниjе поларонске
ефекте. У пракси, Холштаjнов модел се користи за тестирање и развоj различитих теориj-
ских метода коjи накнадно могу бити примењени на сложениjе моделе или чак на реалне
материjале. Циљ ове дисертациjе jе проучавање jедночестичних и транспортних особина
Холштаjновог модела коришћењем различитих метода.
До недавно, било jе опште прихваћено да теориjа динамичког средњег поља (ТДСП)
даjе добар опис jедночестичних особина Холштаjновог модела, али само у случаjу троди-
мензионих система или система са jош већим броjем димензиjа. Међутим, наши резултати
показуjу да ТДСП заправо даjе сjаjан опис jедночестичних особина чак и у jеднодимензи-
оном случаjу, без обзира на режим коjи jе одређен температуром, фреквециjом фонона и
jачином интеракциjе између електрона и фонона. До тог закључака дошли смо поређењем
резултата овог метода са наjпоузданиjим резултатима тренутно доступних у литератури.
Иако jе ТДСП апроксимативан, он jе такође и непертурбативан метод коjи jе егзактан
у два различита лимеса: у лимесу слабе електрон-фононске интеракциjе и у атомском
лимесу. Имаjући у виду да ТДСП занемаруjе нелокалне корелациjе коjе су наjjаче у jед-
нодимензионом случаjу, може се очекивати да наши закључци о великоj поузданости овог
метода остаjу на снази у произвољном броjу димензиjа. То jе било и експлицитно провере-
но на примеру ефективне масе квазичестице у случаjу jедне, две и три димензиjе. Поред
тога, изложили смо и нумеричку процедуру коjом се ТДСП може применити коришћењем
веома мало рачунарских ресурса. Стога, оваj метод нам пружа могућност да веома jедно-
ставно генеришемо велику количину поузданих резултата у различитим режимима, коjи
сада могу служити за оцену квалитета било ког другог метода. Jедан такав метод коjи
желимо детаљниjе да испитамо зове се метод кумулантног развоjа (МКР).
МКР jе, за разлику од ТДСП, пертурбативан метод коjи се не ослања на коришће-
ње Даjсонове jедначине за израчунавање jедночестичних особина система. Иако МКР не
даjе поуздане резултате у свим режимима, предност овог метода у односу на ТДСП jе
то што се он веома лако може применити и у знатно сложениjим моделима, па чак и у
реалним материjалима. Зато jе веома важно испитати у коjим режимима се може очеки-
вати да МКР даjе адекватан опис посматраног физичког система. То jе у овоj дисертациjи
урађено на примеру Холштаjновог модела, тако што смо резултате МКР-а поредили са резултатима ТДСП-а, за коjе смо већ утврдили да су поуздани. Испоставља се да, иако
jе МКР егзактан само у лимесу слабе електрон-фононске интеракциjе и атомском лимесу,
поуздана апроксимативна предвиђања овог метода могућа су и за умерене интеракциjе,
где одговараjућа спектрална функциjа добро репродукуjе и квазичестични и први сате-
литски пик. То jе значаjно боље него што бисмо добили теориjом пертурбациjе наjнижег
реда. Такође, резултати МКР-а при високим температурама изгледаjу обећаваjући, али
смо коришћењем спектралних сумационих правила аналитички показали да оваj метод не
може бити егзактан у лимесу T → ∞.
За изучавање транспортних особина, усресредили смо се на рачунање покретљивости
и нешто општиjе величине, оптичке проводности. У оквиру теориjе линеарног одзива, обе
ове величине могу бити приказане као збир тзв. мехурастог члана, коjи jе одређен jедно-
честичним особинама, и тзв. вертексних корекциjа. Мехурасти члан за покретљивост μ jе
рачунат у оквиру ТДСП-а и МКР-а, и вршена су детаљна поређења. Утврдили смо да при
високим температурама, температурна зависност мобилиности задовољава μ ∝ T−2 у слу-
чаjу веома слабе интеракциjе, и μ ∝ T−3/2 у случаjу нешто jаче интеракциjе. Аналитички
jе показано да у лимесу слабе интеракциjе и у атомском лимесу нема вертексних корекци-
jа покретљивости у оквиру Холштаjновог модела. У свим осталим режимима, вертексне
корекциjе су испитиване нумерички, тако што jе поређен мехурасти члан рачунат помоћу
ДТСП-а и егзактан резултат коjи jе преузет из литературе.
Authors Key words
Holstein model, electron-phonon interaction, spectral functions, quasiparticle properties,
dynamical mean field theory, cumulant expansion method, mobility, optical conductivity, vertex
corrections, spectral sum rules
Authors Key words
Холштаjнов модел, електрон-фононска интеракциjа, спектралне функ-
циjе, квазичестичне особине, теориjа динамичког средњег поља, метод кумулантног
развоjа, покретљивост, оптичка проводност, вертексне корекциjе, спектрална сума-
циона правила
Classification
538.9(043.3)
Type
Tekst
Abstract (en)
The electron-phonon interaction significantly affects the properties of semiconducting materials. Because
of it, the phononic cloud can renormalize electrons, which leads to the emergence of polarons -
a new quasiparticle that now, instead of the electron, plays the role of the current carrier in our system.
The consequences of polaron formation are most easily studied using simplified models of electronphonon
systems. Among these models, the simplest one is the Holstein model, which successfully
reproduces the most important polaronic effects. In practice, the Holstein model is used for testing
and developing various theoretical methods that can subsequently be applied to more complex models
or even real materials. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the single-particle and transport
properties of the Holstein model using different methods.
Until recently, it was widely accepted that the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) provides a
good description of the single-particle properties of the Holstein model only in the cases of threedimensional
or even higher-dimensional systems. However, our results show that DMFT actually
provides an excellent description of single-particle properties even in the one-dimensional case, regardless
of the regime, which is determined by temperature, phonon frequency, and electron-phonon
coupling strength. We have reached these conclusions by comparing the results obtained using this
method, with the most reliable results currently available in the literature. Although DMFT is approximate,
it is also a nonperturbative method that is exact in two different limits: in the weak coupling limit
and in the atomic limit. Having in mind that DMFT neglects non-local correlations, which are most
pronounced in the one-dimensional case, our conclusions about the high reliability of this method are
expected to continue to hold in an arbitrary number of dimensions as well. This has been explicitly
verified on the example of the effective mass in one-, two-, and three-dimensional cases. In addition,
we have also presented a numerical procedure for the application of DMFT that requires very little
computational resources. Therefore, this method allows us to easily generate a large amount of reliable
results in different regimes, which can now be used to assess the quality of any other method. One
such method that we intend to investigate more thoroughly is the cumulant expansion (CE) Method.
In contrast to DMFT, the CE is a perturbative method that does not rely on Dyson’s equation for
the calculation of the single-particle properties. Although CE does not provide reliable results in all
regimes, the advantage of this method in comparison to the DMFT is that it can be easily applied
to significantly more complex models, and even to real materials. Therefore, it is very important to
determine in which parameter regimes can CE be expected to give an adequate description of the
observed physical system. In this dissertation, this was investigated on the example of the Holstein
model, by comparing the CE with the DMFT results, which we have already established as reliable.
It turns out that, although CE is exact only in the weak coupling and atomic limits, reliable approximate
predictions of this method are possible even for moderate interactions, where the corresponding
spectral function accurately reproduces both the quasiparticle and the first satellite peak. This is signifix
icantly better than what would be obtained using the lowest-order perturbation theory. In addition, the
high-temperature results of the CE look promising, although we proved, using the spectral sum rules,
that this method cannot be exact in the limit T → ∞.
For the study of transport properties, we focused on calculating mobility and a somewhat more
general quantity, the optical conductivity.Within the framework of linear response theory, both of these
quantities can be represented as the sum of the so-called bubble term, determined by the single-particle
properties, and vertex corrections. The bubble term for mobility μ was calculated numerically, and
detailed comparisons were made between the DMFT and CE predictions. We established that at high
temperatures, the charge mobility assumes a power law μ ∝ T−2 in the case of very weak coupling,
and μ ∝ T−3/2 for somewhat stronger coupling. We analytically proved that in the weak coupling
and atomic limits of the Holstein model, the vertex corrections of mobility are vanishing. In all other
regimes, the contribution of vertex corrections was examined numerically, by calculating the bubble
term using the DMFT and by comparing it to the exact result from the literature.
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