Optimization of analytical procedure for characterization and classification of various cultivated and wild fruit species

[A. V. Pavlović]

118 str.

Hemija - Analitička hemija / Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry

Naučni cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je definisanje optimalnih uslova analitičkih postupaka za ispitivanje fitohemijskog profila ploda i lista gajenih jagodastih i samoniklih voćnih vrsta sa različitih područja Srbije. U cilju dobijanja ekstrakata bogatih polifenolima, ispitivani su i optimizovani uslovi ekstrakcije. Analitički postupci koji su razvijeni u okviru ovog istraživanja, omogućili su identifikaciju brojnih fenolnih jedinjenja, hromatografsko odvajanje i određivanje profila antocijanina, a pojedina jedinjenja iz klase flavonoida su prvi put detektovana. Ispitivanje sekundarnih metabolita uključivalo je određivanje sadržaja ukupnih polifenola i ukupnih antocijanina, sadržaja slobodne i ukupne elaginske kiseline, polifenolnog profila, kao i antioksidativnog kapaciteta. Svi ispitivani ekstrakti pokazali su visok sadržaj elaginske kiseline, koja se izdvojila kao najzastupljenija fenolna kiselina u ovim voćnim vrstama. Pokazano je da je plod samoniklih voćnih vrsta ima značajno veći sadržaj ukupnih polifenola, ukupnih antocijanina i pojedinačnih fenolnih jedinjenja, u poređenju sa plodom gajenih jagodastih vrsta voćaka. Na osnovu karakterističnih polifenolnih profila i različitih antioksidativnih testova ekstrakata plodova samoniklih voćnih vrsta, a upotrebom analize glavnih komponenata definisani su najznačajniji hemijski markeri koji su ukazali na mogućnost njihovog razdvajanja prema biološkom poreklu. Takođe, određen je sadržaj ugljenih hidrata i elementalni sastav u plodu gajenih jagodastih voćnih vrsta, čiji rezultati ukazuju da je plod ovih voćnih vrsta bogat hranljivim supstancama. Ovo istraživanje pokazalo je da, pored ploda ispitivanih biljnih vrsta sa područja Srbije, takođe i list može smatrati jedinstvenim u pogledu sadržaja fitonutrijenata.

The scientific goal of this doctoral dissertation was to define the optimal conditions for the analytical procedures to investigate the phytochemical profile of the fruit and leaves of cultivated berry and wild fruit species from different areas of Serbia. In order to obtain extracts rich in polyphenols, extraction conditions were researched and optimized. The analytical procedures developed in this study enabled the identification of numerous phenolic compounds, chromatographic separation, and determination of the anthocyanin profile, with some compounds from the class of flavonoids were detected for the first time. The examination of secondary metabolites included determining the total polyphenol and total anthocyanin contents, levels of free and total ellagic acid, polyphenol profile, and antioxidant capacity. All tested extracts showed a high content of ellagic acid, which stands out as the most abundant phenolic acid in these fruit species. It was shown that wild fruit species have significantly higher total polyphenol and total anthocyanin contents, as well as individual phenolic compounds, compared to cultivated berry fruit species. Based on characteristic polyphenol profiles and various antioxidant tests of extracts from wild fruit species, the most significant chemical markers were defined using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), indicating the potential for differentiation based on biological origin. Additionally, the carbohydrate content and elemental composition were determined in the fruit of cultivated berry fruit species, revealing that these fruit species are rich in nutrients. This research demonstrated that, in addition to the fruit of the examined plant species from Serbia, the leaves could also be considered unique in terms of phytonutrient content.

antioksidativni kapacitet, polifenolni profil, elaginska kiselina, antocijanini, UV-Vis spektrofotometrija, LC/MS, HPTLC, HPAEC-PAD, ICP-OES/MS

antioxidant capacity, phenolic profile, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, LC/MS, HPTLC, HPAEC-PAD, ICP-OES/MS

543.632.5:547.56‑126(043.3)

Tekst