Development and adaptation of instruments in professional growth of pharmacists

[A. Golić Jelić]

123 str.

Farmacija - Socijalna farmacija i istraživanje farmaceutske prakse / Pharmacy - Social pharmacy and pharmacy practice research

Cilj disertacije je bio da se kod farmaceuta procijene: izazovi sa kojima se susreću tokom profesionalne prakse; motivacioni faktori i vrijednosti podsticaja za mentorstvo; profesionalno zadovoljstvo; prediktori zainteresovanosti mentora prakse za edukaciju stažista; te da se novokreiranim instrumentima evaluira farmakoterapijsko znanje farmaceuta u pogledu primjene oralne kontracepcije; i da se ispitaju implikacije nedovoljnog savjetovanja i edukacije farmaceuta u oblasti reproduktivnog zdravlja i njihovih kompetencija u vanrednim situacijama. Istraživanja su sprovedena uz: (i) sistematski pregled i meta sintezu odabranih publikacija koje su se bavile programima za profesionalno usavršavanje farmaceuta i mentora, (ii) korištenje adaptiranog upitnika JSAMPPP (Job satisfaction, attitudes and motivation of preceptors in pharmacy practice) kojim su prikupljeni podaci o sociodemografskim, radnim karakteristikama i stavovima ispitanika vezanim za mentorstvo i profesionalni život, (iii) kreiranje upitnika sa dva instrumenta za evaluaciju (objektivna procjena i samoevaluacija) znanja i prakse farmaceuta o bezbjednoj primjeni oralne kontracepcije i (iv) metodu refleksivnog promišljanja (o implikacijama) odabrane grupe od 5 eksperata – učesnika istraživanja. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da se adaptirani upitnik JSAMPPP može koristiti i za identifikaciju prediktora zainteresovanosti farmaceuta za mentorstvo. Kreirani upitnik u ovoj disertaciji se pokazao kao dobar za procjenu znanja i vještina farmaceuta, i ukazao na prednosti objektivne procjene i potrebe za unapređenjem vještina sopstvene procjene. Implikacije sadašnje farmaceutske prakse po javno zdravlje žena su ukazale na prve potrebne korake i mjere za razvijanje usluga savjetovanja o reproduktivnom zdravlju žena u apotekama javnog tipa, a sa ciljem budućeg impakta na unapređenje zdravlja žena, i kompetencija farmaceuta za vanredne situacije. Posebnu pažnju u budućim mentorskim programima trebalo bi posvetiti savladavanju vještina povezanih sa kritičkim razmišljanjem, do čega smo došli kvalitativnom metodom (sistematskog pregleda sa meta sintezom).

The aim of the dissertation was to assess pharmacists’: most common challenges during professional practice; motivational factors and incentives for precepting; professional satisfaction; predictors of preceptors’ higher interest in precepting pharmacy interns; then, to assess and evaluate clinical knowledge and practice in the safe use of contraceptives with created instruments; and to examine the implications of insufficient counseling and education of pharmacists in the area of women's reproductive health and their competencies during emergencies in public health. Researh included: (i) a systematic review and meta-synthesis of selected publications considering professional development programs for pharmacists and preceptors, (ii) the use of an adapted version of JSAMPPP (Job satisfaction, attitudes and motivation of preceptors in pharmacy practice) questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and working experience characteristics data and to measure pharmacists’ attitudes related to precepting and professional life, (iii) a creation of the questionnaire with two instruments for evaluation (real knowledge and self-assessment) of pharmacists' knowledge and practice in the safe use of oral contraception and (iv) conducting reflexive methodology (about the implications) with a selected group of 5 experts - research participants. The results from this disertation have shown that the adapted JSAMPPP questionnaire can also be used to identify predictors of pharmacists' interest in precepting. The questionnaire we created within this dissertation is adequate for assessing the knowledge and practice skills of pharmacists. We also pointed out the advantages of objective assessment and the need for self-assessment skills improving through continuing education programs integrative with critical thinking skills. The implications of current pharmaceutical practice for women's public health have indicated the first necessary steps and measures in order to develop women's reproductive health counseling services in community pharmacies. These steps and measures would have positive impact on pharmacists' competencies related to women's health and emergences in public health. Special attention in future professional development programs should be dedicated to the skills related to critical thinking. This conclusion was revealed by a qualitative method, systematic review and meta-synthesis.

farmaceut; profesionalno usavršavanje; edukativni programi; mentor prakse; motivacija i prediktori mentorstva; instrumenti za evaluaciju; objektivna procjena; samoevaluacija znanja i vještina; reproduktivno zdravlje žena

pharmacist; professional development; educational programs; preceptor; motivation and predictors for precepting; evaluation instruments; objective assessment; self- assessment of knowledge and practice skills; woman’ reproductive health

615:331.36(043.3)

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