Title
Lignin microspheres as adsorbents for textile dyes removal and supports for immobilization of enzymes: doctoral dissertation
Creator
Salih, Rabab, 1985-
CONOR:
115160073
Copyright date
2023
Object Links
Language
English
Cobiss-ID
Theses Type
Doktorska disertacija
description
Datum odbrane: 26.06.2023.
Other responsibilities
Academic Expertise
Tehničko-tehnološke nauke
University
Univerzitet u Beogradu
Faculty
Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet
Alternative title
Lignin mikrosfere kao adsorbenti za uklanjanje tekstilnih boja i nosači za imobilizaciju enzima
Publisher
[R. Salih]
Format
112 стр.
description
Environmental engineering / Inženjerstvo zaštite životne sredine
Abstract (en)
The results for degradation of the crystal violet, aniline blue dyes and acid green (such as Lanaset®
violet B, Lanaset® blue 2R (C.I. Acid Blue 225 (AB 225) and C.I. Acid Green 40, Ciba®) showed
that LMS-DEGDMA-laccase have good prospects to be used for removal of textile dyes from
wastewater with efficiecy of about 85% during 45minutes, 2 h and 3 h in case of Acid Green 40,
Lanaset® blue 2R and Lanaset® violet B, respectively. Experiments on the reusability of the LMS-
DEGDMA-laccase showed satisfactory stability, from 5 to 7 cycles depending of used dye in reaction.
Also, it has been showed that decolorization of dyes with LMS-DEGDMA-laccase occurs dominatly
as result of laccase activity and the contribution of dye adsorption on LMS-DEGDMA microspheres
process after one repeated use could be neglected.
On the other hand, in order to examine the adsorptive performance of the synthesized materials,
various adsorption studies were performed, such as adsorption kinetics study, adsorption isotherms
and pH effect. The laccase Novozyme® 51003 adsorption kinetics on LMS-DEGDMA microspheres
was also examined. Obtained results indicated that laccase molecules adsorb on LMS-DEGDMA
according to a first-order adsorption kinetics and the experimental data are fitted well with Langmuir
isotherm model. The intra-particle diffusion process was also studied by applying of Weber–Morris
model on the experimental data. The obtained experimental results during various adsorption studies
performed on b-LMS and b-LMS-OSO3H were fitted with different theoretical models to examine
their agreement and suppose the adsorption mechanism. Statistical analysis of the results was
performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. In order to test the reusability of
adsorbents, adsorption/desorption experiments were performed in several cycles of wastewater
treatment, where they showed satisfactory adsorption efficiency of the b-LMS sample after 5
consecutive cycles of adsorption/desorption.
In the third part of the dissertation, the adsorptive properties of synthesized materials for dyes
removal: Methyl Red (MR), Tartrazine (T) and Malachite Green (MG) from aqueous solutions were
examined. Adsorption experiments showed that b-LMS has a higher affinity and better adsorption
performance for removing Malachite Green than Methyl Red and Tartrazine, which was confirmed
by theoretical modeling. The regeneration and competitive adsorption results showed satisfactory b-
LMS sample performance. The introduction of a sulfate group into the structure of the b-LMS sample
resulted in higher affinity and better selectivity for cationic dyes and cations of b-LMS-OSO3H
sample.
These results show modified kraft lignin's potential application in wastewater treatment processes.
Bearing in mind the global trend of environmental pollution, research from this dissertation can
contribute to solving the wastewater pollution problem, which will be key to preserving
environmental protection in the future.
Abstract (sr)
U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji polazni materijal lignin je modifikovan u cilju sinteze lignin mikrosfera
da bi se dobio materijal koji će se primenjivati za adsorpciju boja kao organskih zagađivača i kao
nosač za imobilizaciju enzima lakaze koji će se koristiti za degradaciju tekstilnih boja (Lanaset® violet
B, Lanaset® blue 2R, and Acid Green 40, Ciba®) koje se nalaze u industrijskim otpadnim vodama.
U prvom delu disertacije opisani su postupci sinteze i modifikacije lignin mikrosfera (b-LMS). Prvi
korak modifikacije lignina predstavlja reakciju suspenzione kopolimerizacije sa akrilnom kiselinom
gde se dobija akrilni modifikovani kraft lignin (KfL-AA). Akrilna kiselina je dobijena višestepenom
sintezom iz prirodnih izvora, iz fruktoze pri čemu je dobijena levulinska kiselina koja se dalje
oksiduje do 3-hidroksipropanske kiseline (3-HPA). Dehidratacijom 3-hidroksipropanske kiseline
dobija se akrilna kiselina. Ovako dobijeni KfL-AA reaguje sa dietilen glikolom dimetakrilatom
(DEGDMA) pri čemu se dobijaju lignin modifikovane mikrosfere (LMS-DEGDMA) koje će se
koristi kao nosač za imobilizaciju lakaze Novozyme® 51003.
Dobijeni akrilni modifikovani kraft lignin (KfL-AA) postupkom inverzne suspenzione
kopolimerizacije reaguje sa akrilnim reaktantom – bio trimetilpropanom triakrilatom (TMPTA) pri
čemu nastaju porozne mikrosfere (b-LMS). Reakcijom sa hlorsulfonskom kiselinom se inkorporira
sulfatna grupa u strukturu mikrosfere i nastaje b-LMS-OSO3H, materijal koji će se ispitivanje
adsorpcije katjona i katjonskih boja iz vode.
U drugom delu disertacije, tri sintetisana uzorka lignin mikrosfera (LMS-DEGDMA, b-LMS i b-
LMS-OSO3H) su okarakterisana primenom instrumentalnih tehnika karakterizacije. Eksperimentalne
tehnike koje su korišćene su: Infracrvena spektroskopija sa furijeovom transformacijom (FT-IR),
Rendgenska difrakciona analiza (XRD), Rendgen fotoelektronska spektroskopija (XPS), Ramanska
spektroskopija, Skenirajuća elektronska mikroskopija (SEM), Nuklearna magnetna rezonanca
(NMR), Termogravimetrijska analiza (TGA) i Analiza specifične površine i poroznosti (BET). Pored
navedenih tehnika, u cilju boljeg sagledavanja strukurnih i površinskih karakteristika sintetisanih
adsorbenasa, rađena je kvantifikacija funkcionalnih grupa (fenolne, hidroksilne) i tačka nultog
naelektrisanja (pHpzc). Takodje je detaljno opisan postupak imobilizacije lakaze na nosaču LMS-
DEGDMA koji se koristio za uklanjanje tekstilnih boja. Određen je prinos imobilizacije, stabilnost
enzima i odredjena katalitička aktivnost materijala. Optimizacija procesa imobilizacije omogućila je
izradu preparata LMS-DEGDMA koji bi mogao da se koristi za dekolorizaciju tekstilnih boja u
industrijskim otpadnim vodama. Kao rezultat optimizacije procesa imobilizacije pokazano je da je
imobilizacija lakaze na LMS-DEGDMA dala najbolje rezultate (prinos imobilizacije proteina 70%,
prinos aktivnosti 27%; i katalitička aktivnost 262 IU/g nosača) kada je imobilizacija vršena na pH
5.0 i 100 mg proteina/g nosača tokom 1h. Rezultati degradacije ljubičate, anilinsko plave i zelene
boje (Lanaset® violet B, Lanaset® blue 2R (C.I. Acid Blue 225 (AB 225) i C.I. Acid Green 40, Ciba®)
pokazali su da LMS-DEGDMA-lakaza poseduje dobre adsorptivne mogućnosti za uklanjanje ovih
boja iz otpadnih voda sa efikasnošću oko 85% tokom 45 min, 2h i 3h u slučaju Acid Green 40,
Lanaset® blue 2R i Lanaset® violet B, respektivno. Eksperimenti ponovne upotrebe LMS-DEDGMA-
lakaza dali su zadovoljavajuće rezultate i stabilnost od 5-7 ciklusa regeneracije. Takođe je pokazano
da dekolorizacija boja LMS-DEGDMA-lakaza se javlja pretežno kao rezultat aktivnosti lakaze a
doprinos adsorpciji boje na LMS-DEGDMA nakon jedne ponovne upotrebe može se zanemariti.
Sa druge strane da bi se ispitale adsorptivne perfomanse sintetisanih materijala urađeni su
eksperimenti adsorpcije: kinetika adsorpcije, adsorpcione izoterme i pH zavisnost. Kinetika
adsorpcije Novozyme® 51003 na LMS-DEGDMA mikrosfere je takodje ispitana. Dobijeni rezultati
pokazali su da molekuli lakaze adsorbuju na LMS-DEGDMA u skladu sa kinetikom adsorpcije prvog
reda i pokazuju dobro fitovanje sa Lengmir izotermom. Model unutar čestične difuzije je takođe
ispitan primenom Weber-Morris modela. Dobijeni rezultati tokom različitih eksperimenata adsorpcije
b-LMS i LMS-DEGDMA fitovani su sa različitim teorijskim modelima da bi se ispitalo njihovo
slaganje i pretpostavio mehanizam adsorpcije. Analiza varijanse (ANOVA) je korišćena za statističku
obradu rezultata. U cilju ispitivanja ponovne upotrebe adsorbenasa uradjeni su eksperimenti
adsorpcije/desorpcije u nekoliko ciklusa tretmana otpadnih voda gde su pokazali dobru efikasnost
adsorpcije na b-LMS uzorku nakon 5 uzastopnih ciklusa adsorpcije/desorpcije.
U trećem delu disertacije ispitane su adsorptivne osobine sintetisanih materijala za uklanjanje boja:
Metil crveno (MR), Tartrazin (T) i Malahit Zeleno (MG) iz vodenih rastvora. Takodje je ispitana
mogućnost degradacije antrahinonske boje Lanaset® violet B iz industrijskih otpadnih voda lakazom
imobilizovanog LMS-DEGDMA. Da bi se postigao maksimalni prinos imobilizacije lakaze
Novozyme® 51003, process je optimizovan, i dobijena je efikasnost od 70% prinosa i 27% aktivnosti
na pH 5.0 I 100 mg proteina po gramu nosača. Rezultati degradacije boje Lanaset® violet B pokazali
su izuzetnu efikasnost imobilizovanog LMS-DEGDMA, tokom 24h adsorbovano je oko 90% boje.
Eksperimenti regeneracije i ponovne upotrebe adsorbenta pokazali su zadovoljavajuću stabilnost,
posle 7 ciklusa adsorpcije/desorpcije, adsorbuje se više od 60% zagađivača. Adsorpcioni
eksperimenti pokazali su da b-LMS ima veći afinitet i bolje adsorpcione performance za uklanjanje
Malahit zeleno (MG) od Metil crvenog i Tartrazina, što je potvrđeno teorijskim modelovanjem.
Rezultati regereneracije i kompetitivne adsorpcije pokazali su zadovoljavajuće performance b-LMS
uzorka. Uvođenje sulfatne grupe u strukturu b-LMS uzorka rezultiralo je većim afinitetom i boljom
selektivnošću za katjonske boje i katjone uzorka b-LMS-OSO3H.
Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju potencijalnu mogućnost primene modifikovanih kraft lignina u procesima
za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda. Imajući u vidu globalni trend zagađenja životne sredine, istraživanja
iz disertacije mogu doprineti rešenju problematike zagađenja otpadnih voda što će biti krucijalno za
očuvanje zaštite životne sredine u budućnosti.
Authors Key words
Kraft lignin, lignin microspheres, laccase immobilization, lignin modification, removal
of dyes from water, degradation of textile dyes, competitive adsorption, adsorbate/adsorbent
interactions
Authors Key words
Kraft lignin, lignin microspheres, laccase immobilization, lignin modification, removal
of dyes from water, degradation of textile dyes, competitive adsorption, adsorbate/adsorbent
interactions
Classification
504.453.054:665.947.4(043.3)
Type
Tekst
Abstract (en)
The results for degradation of the crystal violet, aniline blue dyes and acid green (such as Lanaset®
violet B, Lanaset® blue 2R (C.I. Acid Blue 225 (AB 225) and C.I. Acid Green 40, Ciba®) showed
that LMS-DEGDMA-laccase have good prospects to be used for removal of textile dyes from
wastewater with efficiecy of about 85% during 45minutes, 2 h and 3 h in case of Acid Green 40,
Lanaset® blue 2R and Lanaset® violet B, respectively. Experiments on the reusability of the LMS-
DEGDMA-laccase showed satisfactory stability, from 5 to 7 cycles depending of used dye in reaction.
Also, it has been showed that decolorization of dyes with LMS-DEGDMA-laccase occurs dominatly
as result of laccase activity and the contribution of dye adsorption on LMS-DEGDMA microspheres
process after one repeated use could be neglected.
On the other hand, in order to examine the adsorptive performance of the synthesized materials,
various adsorption studies were performed, such as adsorption kinetics study, adsorption isotherms
and pH effect. The laccase Novozyme® 51003 adsorption kinetics on LMS-DEGDMA microspheres
was also examined. Obtained results indicated that laccase molecules adsorb on LMS-DEGDMA
according to a first-order adsorption kinetics and the experimental data are fitted well with Langmuir
isotherm model. The intra-particle diffusion process was also studied by applying of Weber–Morris
model on the experimental data. The obtained experimental results during various adsorption studies
performed on b-LMS and b-LMS-OSO3H were fitted with different theoretical models to examine
their agreement and suppose the adsorption mechanism. Statistical analysis of the results was
performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. In order to test the reusability of
adsorbents, adsorption/desorption experiments were performed in several cycles of wastewater
treatment, where they showed satisfactory adsorption efficiency of the b-LMS sample after 5
consecutive cycles of adsorption/desorption.
In the third part of the dissertation, the adsorptive properties of synthesized materials for dyes
removal: Methyl Red (MR), Tartrazine (T) and Malachite Green (MG) from aqueous solutions were
examined. Adsorption experiments showed that b-LMS has a higher affinity and better adsorption
performance for removing Malachite Green than Methyl Red and Tartrazine, which was confirmed
by theoretical modeling. The regeneration and competitive adsorption results showed satisfactory b-
LMS sample performance. The introduction of a sulfate group into the structure of the b-LMS sample
resulted in higher affinity and better selectivity for cationic dyes and cations of b-LMS-OSO3H
sample.
These results show modified kraft lignin's potential application in wastewater treatment processes.
Bearing in mind the global trend of environmental pollution, research from this dissertation can
contribute to solving the wastewater pollution problem, which will be key to preserving
environmental protection in the future.
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