Title
Optimization of the adsorption process of pollutants from aqueous solutions using Pontederia crassipes biomass: doctoral dissertation
Creator
Mohammad, Ahmad Hakky, 1959-
CONOR:
111153161
Copyright date
2023
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Autorstvo 3.0 Srbija (CC BY 3.0)
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Language
Serbian
Cobiss-ID
Theses Type
Doktorska disertacija
description
Datum odbrane: 20.12.2023.
Other responsibilities
Academic Expertise
Tehničko-tehnološke nauke
University
Univerzitet u Beogradu
Faculty
Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet
Alternative title
Оптимизација процеса адсорпције загађујућих материја из водених раствора применом биомасе Pontederia crassipes
Publisher
[A.H. Mohammad]
Format
98 str
Abstract (en)
The object of the present doctoral dissertation was to perform a detailed fundamental study of water
hyacinth utilization as a precursor material for activated carbons synthesis and their application in the
process of the removal of pesticide glyphosate and pharmaceutic metformin. The activated carbons
were synthesized by the process of chemical activation of raw water hyacinth, by ZnCl2 and H3PO4
prior to controlled carbonization. The dissertation investigated the effect of various impregnation
weight mass ratios of ZnCl2 or H3PO4 and dry water hyacinth (0.5 – 3.0)(wt/wt), as well as different
carbonization temperatures in the range from 400 ⁰C – 800 ⁰C. The study summarized the impact of
the impregnation ratio and carbonization temperatures on the textural properties of the activated
carbons, i.e. specific surface area and pore volumes. The highest values of the SBET were obtained for
activated carbons synthesized under optimal conditions of impregnation ratio and carbonization
temperature. The sample impregnated in ratio 2.0 wt/wt in the presence of the ZnCl2 and at a
carbonization temperature of 500 ⁰C (2.0ZC500) showed SBET of 1314 m2g-1 and 78% of its porosity
belonging to the mesopores. Activated carbon obtained by impregnation of raw water hyacinth by
H3PO4 using the impregnation ratio of 1.5 and a carbonization temperature of 600 ⁰C (1.5PC600)
showed the highest values of the specific surface area of 1421 m2g-1 with 60.2% of porosity in the
area of mesopore, with a certain amount of micropore. The selected samples were characterized in
detail by elemental analysis, adsorption–desorption physisorption of nitrogen at −196 ⁰C, by FTIR
spectroscopy, SEM analysis, and point of zero charge (pHPZC).
Detail adsorption study of glyphosate and metformin was performed on samples 2.0ZC500 and
1.5PC600 in order to test the adsorption properties of activated carbons and their potential ability to be
used in real systems for wastewater treatment. The effect of the adsorbent mass (concentration),
adsorbate (pollutant) initial concentration, pH of initial adsorbate solution, and temperature were
investigated. Appropriate isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics models were applied to
adsorption data to describe the adsorption processes. It was found that 2.0ZC500 and 1.5PC600 showed
an adsorption capacity of 146.05 mg g-1 and 122.47 mg g-1 toward metformin, respectively, while
maximal adsorption capacities of 2.0ZC500 and 1.5PC600 toward glyphosate were 240.80 mg g-1 and
246.91 mg g-1, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model described well adsorption metformin on
both adsorbents. However, the adsorption of glyphosate on 1.5PC600 was also fitted with the
Langmuir isotherm model, while glyphosate adsorption on 2.0ZC500 was better fitted with the
Redlich-Peterson model. All the investigated adsorption systems followed the pattern of the pseudo-
second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study revealed that all investigated processes were
endothermic and spontaneous. The desorption and study of reusability confirmed that samples can be
successfully recovered and reused in five consecutive cycles.
Based on the presented results, water hyacinth can be turned from waste and dangerous material to
useful starting material for the production of activated carbons, materials efficient in wastewater treatment.
Abstract (sr)
Циљ ове докторске дисертације био је да се изврши детаљно испитивање коришћења биомасе
Pontederia crassipes као сировине за синтезу активног угља, као и њене примене у процесу
уклањања пестицида глифосата и метформина из фармацеутског отпада. Активни угаљ је
синтетисан процесом контролисане карбонизације биомасе Pontederia crassipes, којој је
претходила њена хемијска активација помоћу ZnCl2 и H3PO4. У дисертацији је испитиван
утицај различитих односа импрегнације ZnCl2 или H3PO4 и суве биомасе (0,5 – 3,0 мас/мас),
као и различитих температура карбонизације у опсегу од 400 – 800 ⁰C. Током истраживања
испитиван је утицај односа импрегнације и температуре карбонизације на текстурна својства
активног угља, односно специфичну површину и запремине пора. Највеће вредности SBET
добијене су за активни угаљ синтетизован у оптималним условима односа импрегнације и
температуре карбонизације. Узорак импрегниран у односу 2,0 мас/мас у присуству ZnCl2 и на
температури карбонизације од 500 ⁰C (2.0ZC500) показао је SBET од 1314m2g-1 и 78% његове
порозности припада мезопорама. Активни угаљ добијен импрегнацијом сирове биомасе
Pontederia crassipes са H3PO4 применом односа импрегнације 1,5 мас/мас и температуре
карбонизације од 600 ⁰C (1.5PC600) показао је највеће вредности специфичне површине од
1421m2g-1 са 60,2% порозности у области мезопора и са одређеном количином микропора.
Одабрани узорци су детаљно окарактерисани елементарном анализом, фиизичком адсорпциом
/ десорпциом азота на −196 ⁰C, FTIR спектроскопијом, SEM анализом и тачком нултог
наелектрисања (pHPZC).
Детаљна анализа адсорпције глифосата и метформина урађена је на узорцима 2.0ZC500 и
1.5PC600 у циљу испитивања адсорпционих својстава активног угља и могућности његове
употребе у реалним системима за пречишћавање отпадних вода. Испитиван је утицај масе
(концентрације) адсорбента, почетне концентрације адсорбата (загађивача), pH почетног
раствора адсорбата и температуре. Одговарајући модели изотерми, кинетике и термодинамике
примењени су на податке о адсорпцији да би се описали процеси адсорпције. Утврђено је да
су 2.0ZC500 и 1.5PC600 показали адсорпциони капацитет од 146,05 mgg-1 и 122,47 mgg-1 према
метформину, док је максимални адсорпциони капацитет 2.0ZC500 и 1.5PC600 према глифосату
био 240,80 mgg-1, односно 246,91 mgg-1. Модел Лангмуирове изотерме је добро описао
адсорпцију метформина на оба адсорбента. С друге стране, адсорпција глифосата на 1.5PC600
је, такође, била описана моделом Лангмуирове изотерме, док је за адсорпцији глифосата на
2.0ZC500 Редлих-Петерсонов модел дао боље слагање. Сви испитивани адсорпциони системи
су пратили образац кинетичког модела псеудодругог реда. Термодинамичка анализа је
показала да су сви испитивани процеси ендотермни и спонтани. Испитивање десорпција и
поновне употребе адсорбента потврдили су да се испитивани узорци могу успешно повратити
и поново употребити у пет узастопних циклуса адсорпције / десорпције.
На основу приказаних резултата, биомаса Pontederia crassipes се може претворити од отпада
и опасног материјала у користан полазни материјал за производњу активног угља, материјала
ефикасног у третману отпадних вода.
Authors Key words
pontederia crassipes biomass; activated carbons synthesis; pyrolysis; pesticide removal;
adsorption; thermodynamic modeling.
Authors Key words
биомасa Pontederia crassipes; синтеза активног угља; пиролиза; уклањање
пестицида; адсорпција; термодинамичко моделовање.
Classification
661.183.122:604.4(043.3)
Type
Tekst
Abstract (en)
The object of the present doctoral dissertation was to perform a detailed fundamental study of water
hyacinth utilization as a precursor material for activated carbons synthesis and their application in the
process of the removal of pesticide glyphosate and pharmaceutic metformin. The activated carbons
were synthesized by the process of chemical activation of raw water hyacinth, by ZnCl2 and H3PO4
prior to controlled carbonization. The dissertation investigated the effect of various impregnation
weight mass ratios of ZnCl2 or H3PO4 and dry water hyacinth (0.5 – 3.0)(wt/wt), as well as different
carbonization temperatures in the range from 400 ⁰C – 800 ⁰C. The study summarized the impact of
the impregnation ratio and carbonization temperatures on the textural properties of the activated
carbons, i.e. specific surface area and pore volumes. The highest values of the SBET were obtained for
activated carbons synthesized under optimal conditions of impregnation ratio and carbonization
temperature. The sample impregnated in ratio 2.0 wt/wt in the presence of the ZnCl2 and at a
carbonization temperature of 500 ⁰C (2.0ZC500) showed SBET of 1314 m2g-1 and 78% of its porosity
belonging to the mesopores. Activated carbon obtained by impregnation of raw water hyacinth by
H3PO4 using the impregnation ratio of 1.5 and a carbonization temperature of 600 ⁰C (1.5PC600)
showed the highest values of the specific surface area of 1421 m2g-1 with 60.2% of porosity in the
area of mesopore, with a certain amount of micropore. The selected samples were characterized in
detail by elemental analysis, adsorption–desorption physisorption of nitrogen at −196 ⁰C, by FTIR
spectroscopy, SEM analysis, and point of zero charge (pHPZC).
Detail adsorption study of glyphosate and metformin was performed on samples 2.0ZC500 and
1.5PC600 in order to test the adsorption properties of activated carbons and their potential ability to be
used in real systems for wastewater treatment. The effect of the adsorbent mass (concentration),
adsorbate (pollutant) initial concentration, pH of initial adsorbate solution, and temperature were
investigated. Appropriate isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics models were applied to
adsorption data to describe the adsorption processes. It was found that 2.0ZC500 and 1.5PC600 showed
an adsorption capacity of 146.05 mg g-1 and 122.47 mg g-1 toward metformin, respectively, while
maximal adsorption capacities of 2.0ZC500 and 1.5PC600 toward glyphosate were 240.80 mg g-1 and
246.91 mg g-1, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model described well adsorption metformin on
both adsorbents. However, the adsorption of glyphosate on 1.5PC600 was also fitted with the
Langmuir isotherm model, while glyphosate adsorption on 2.0ZC500 was better fitted with the
Redlich-Peterson model. All the investigated adsorption systems followed the pattern of the pseudo-
second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study revealed that all investigated processes were
endothermic and spontaneous. The desorption and study of reusability confirmed that samples can be
successfully recovered and reused in five consecutive cycles.
Based on the presented results, water hyacinth can be turned from waste and dangerous material to
useful starting material for the production of activated carbons, materials efficient in wastewater treatment.
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