Effects of different meal formulations on the health status, proper development, well-being and behavior of puppies

[M. Velebit]

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Veterinarska medicina - Ishrana i botanika /Veterinary Medicine - Nutrition and Botany

Štenad i mladi psi imaju najveće potrebe za hranljivim materijama tokom svog perioda rasta, kada je pravilna ishrana ključna za postizanje optimalne veličine, telesne mase i sveukupnog zdravlja u odraslom uzrastu. Pravilno balansirana ishrana u ovom kritičnom razdoblju ne samo da podržava razvoj kostiju i mišića, već i jača imunološki sistem, čime se postavlja čvrst temelj za zdrav život. Razumevanje ovih nutritivnih potreba omogućava vlasnicima pasa da pruže adekvatnu i prilagođenu ishranu, čime se doprinosi dobrobiti i dugovečnosti njihovih ljubimaca. Rast i razvoj predstavljaju najvažnije fiziološke osobine štenadi i mladih pasa, koji prolaze kroz kritične faze u svom životnom ciklusu. Potrebe štenadi i mladih pasa za hranljivim materijama tokom ovih perioda su dvostruko veće od onih potrebnih za održavanje života. Ovaj brzi rast, koji se meri prirastom, podrazumeva značajno nakupljanje proteina, mineralnih materija i vode u telu, što doprinosi razvoju mišićne mase i kostiju. Pravilan rast i razvoj odbijene štenadi ključni su za njihovo buduće zdravlje i dobrobit. Ovaj proces zahteva pažljiv pristup koji obuhvata nekoliko ključnih faktora. U zavisnosti od rase, pravilno vreme i način prihranjivanja, kao i izbor odgovarajuće hrane, mogu značajno uticati na prirast i opšte stanje štenadi. Osim toga, važno je razmotriti količinu i sastav obroka, hemijski sastav hrane, njen oblik (granule, komercijalno dostupna hrana, home made obroci). U cilju ispitivanja uticaja različitih formulacija obroka na zdravstveni status, pravilan razvoj, dobrobit i ponašanje štenadi organizovan je ogled po grupnom sistemu. Ogled je sproveden na 18 štenadi istog uzrasta (2 meseca), iste rase (šarplaninac) i jednakim odnosom polova. Kada je štenad navršila dva meseca života, podeljena je u tri grupe (A (n=6), B (n=6) i C (n=6)). U istraživanju su korišćene tri komercijalno dostupne kompletne hrane za ishranu štenadi: hrana A (96,88% proteina životinjskog porekla), hrana B (76,86% proteina životinjskog porekla) i hrana C (93,88% proteina životinjskog porekla). Štenad je hranjena količinski ograničenim obrocima. Ogled je trajao 70 dana. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su štenad koja su bila hranjena hranom C postigla najveći prirast u telesnoj masi u odnosu na štenad iz grupa A i B. Hrana A imala je najviši sadržaj proteina i najbolji aminokiselinski profil, sa najviše esencijalnih aminokiselina, dok je hrana B imala najniži sadržaj proteina, ali su sve tri hrane sadržale proteine iznad propisanog minimuma. Svarljivost proteina bila je najviša kod grupe A, dok je bila najniža kod grupe B...

Puppies and young dogs have the greatest nutritional needs during their growth period, when proper nutrition is crucial for achieving optimal size, body weight, and overall health in adulthood. A well-balanced diet during this critical period not only supports the development of bones and muscles but also strengthens the immune system, laying a strong foundation for a healthy life. Understanding these nutritional needs allows dog owners to provide adequate and tailored nutrition, contributing to their pets' well-being and longevity. Growth and development are the most important physiological characteristics of puppies and young dogs, as they go through critical stages in their life cycle. The nutritional requirements of puppies and young dogs during these periods are twice as high as those required for maintaining life. This rapid growth, measured by weight gain, involves significant accumulation of protein, minerals, and water in the body, contributing to the development of muscle mass and bones. Proper growth and development of weaned puppies are key to their future health and well-being. This process requires a careful approach, which includes several key factors. Depending on the breed, the correct timing and method of feeding, as well as the choice of appropriate food, can significantly affect the weight gain and general condition of the puppies. Additionally, it is important to consider the quantity and composition of meals, the chemical composition of the food, and its form (kibbles, commercially available food, homemade meals). In order to examine the effects of different meal formulations on health status, proper development, welfare, and behavior of puppies, an experiment was organized using a group system. The experiment was conducted on 18 puppies of the same age (2 months), the same breed (Sarplaninac), and with an equal gender ratio. When the puppies reached two months of age, they were divided into three groups (A (n=6), B (n=6), and C (n=6)). Three commercially available complete puppy foods were used in the study: food A (96.88% animal protein), food B (76.86% animal protein), and food C (93.88% animal protein). The puppies were fed quantitatively restricted meals. The experiment lasted for 70 days. The research results showed that puppies fed food C achieved the highest weight gain compared to puppies in groups A and B. Food A had the highest protein content and the best amino acid profile, with the most essential amino acids, while food B had the lowest protein content, but all three foods contained proteins above the prescribed minimum. Protein digestibility was highest in group A, while it was lowest in group B...

hrana za kućne ljubimce, štenad, rast i razvoj, svarljivost, ponašanje

pet food, puppies, growth and development, digestibility, behavior

636.7.084.4(043.3)

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