ǂThe ǂinfluence of perceived similarity between humans and animals on intergroup relations

[A. Budžak]

123 str.

Psihologija - Socijalna psihologija / Psychology - Social Psychology

Ideja generalizovanih predrasuda empirijski je potvrđena postojanjem zajedničke osnove predrasuda ukazujući da ljudi koji imaju predrasude prema jednoj grupi, imaju predrasude i prema drugim nepripadničkim grupama i životinjama. Istraživanja pokazuju da ljudi imaju pozitivnije stavove prema pripadnicima nepripadničkih grupa koje opažaju kao sebi sličnim. Stoga bi društvena poređenja zasnovana na opažanju sličnosti trebalo da vode zarad pozitivnijim međugrupnim odnosma. Cilj istraživanja bio je da ispitamo uticaj isticanja sličnosti ljudi i životinja na odnose prema etničkim manjinama i životinjama. Rezultati su pokazali da učesnici (N= 255) koji vide više sličnosti između ljudi i životinja imaju višu: empatiju prema ljudima i životinjama, inkluzivniji identitet prema životinjama i niži nivo vrstizma i osećaja pretnje životinjskom prirodom. Nije bilo značajnih korelacija sa socijalnom distancom, dehumanizacijom, ni inkluzivnošću etničkog identiteta. U obe eksperimentalne studije (Nekp1 = 214, Nekp2 = 265) učesnici u okviru eksperimentalne grupe koji su čitali o sličnosti ljudi i životinja imali su niži nivo vrstizma, osećanja pretnje životinjskom prirodom i veće opažanje sličnosti između životinja i ljudi od učesnika koji su čitali neutralan tekst u okviru kontrolne grupe. Nije bilo značajnih razlika između učesnika u pogledu empatije prema životinjama i inkluzivnosti identiteta životinja. U drugom eksperimentu, učesnici eksperimentalne grupe su imali više empatije, inkluzivniji identitet prema etničkim manjinama i niže nivoe dehumanizacije. Dve grupe se nisu razlikovale u pogledu socijalne distance. Ukoliko želimo da poboljšamo odnose prema životinjama, podstaknemo empatiju i inkluzivniji etnički identitet, ali i da smanjimo dehumanizaciju, potrebno je isticati da su životinje osećajna bića sposobna da misle, vole, tuguju, brinu o drugima i imaju mnogo sličnosti sa ljudima.

The idea of generalized prejudice is empirically confirmed by the existence of a common basis of prejudice, indicating that people who are prejudiced against one group are also prejudiced against other non-belonging groups and animals. Research shows that people have more positive attitudes towards members of outgroups that they perceive as similar to themselves. Therefore, social comparisons should be based on the perception of similarity for the sake of positive intergroup relations. The research aimed to examine the impact of highlighting the human-animal similarity on relations towards ethnic minorities and animals. The results showed that participants (N= 255) who perceive more human-animal similarity have higher: empathy towards humans and animals, a more inclusive identity towards animals and a lower level of speciesism and a sense of threat to animal nature. There were no significant correlations with social distance, dehumanization, or inclusiveness of ethnic identity. In both experimental studies (Nexp1 = 214, Nexp2 = 265), participants in experimental group read about the similarity between humans and animals had a lower level of speciesism, animal nature threat and a higher human-animal similarity perception than participants in control group who read a neutral text. There were no significant differences between participants regarding animal empathy and inclusiveness of animal identity. In the second experiment, participants in the experimental group had more empathy, a more inclusive identity toward ethnic minorities, and lower levels of dehumanization. The two groups did not differ in terms of social distance. If we want to improve relations towards animals, encourage empathy and a more inclusive ethnic identity, but also reduce dehumanization, it is necessary to emphasize that animals are sentient beings, very similar to humans, capable of thinking, loving, grieving, caring for others.

sličnost između ljudi i životinja, vrstizam, socijalna distanca, etničke manjinske grupe, empatija prema životinjama, empatija prema manjinama, inkluzija identiteta životinja, inkluzija identiteta manjina, dehumanizacija, pretnja životinjskom prirodom

human-animal similarity, speciesism, social distance, ethnic minority groups, empathy towards animals, empathy towards minorities, identity inclusion of animals, identity inclusion of minorities, dehumanization, animal nature threat

316.6:316.022.4(043.3)

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