Title
Social identity interventions for intergroup bias reduction: systematization and recommendations for the improvement of procedures: doctoral dissertation
Creator
Ninković, Milica D., 1992-
CONOR:
126326025
Copyright date
2025
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Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno 3.0 Srbija (CC BY-NC 3.0)
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Language
Serbian
Cobiss-ID
Theses Type
Doktorska disertacija
description
Datum odbrane: 02.04.2025.
Other responsibilities
Academic Expertise
Društveno-humanističke nauke
University
Univerzitet u Beogradu
Faculty
Filozofski fakultet
Alternative title
Socijalnoidentitetske intervencije za redukciju međugrupnih pristrasnosti: sistematizacija i predlozi za unapređenje procedura
Publisher
[M. Ninković]
Format
204 str.
description
Psychology - Social psychology / Psihologija
- Socijalna psihologija
Abstract (en)
In this thesis, we focused on social-identity interventions for intergroup bias reduction, more precisely, on methodological practices used when these interventions are tested. We aimed to systematically review practices of using manipulation and plausibility checks, and then to experimentally test how individual differences shape the relations between intervention and its plausibility, effectiveness, and success.
In the systematic literature review (Study 1), we analyzed the current practices of plausibility and manipulation checks use in experimental studies that test social-identity interventions for intergroup bias reduction. We were interested in the frequency of plausibility and manipulation checks use in these experiments, as well as on the purpose of these checks, i.e., whether they are used as criteria for participants’ exclusion from the analysis of interventions’ effects. The results indicate that the use of manipulation checks is more frequent than the previously observed average in socio-psychological experiments. On the other hand, the use of plausibility checks is extremely rare. Additionally, we observed that these types of checks are rarely used as exclusion criteria.
Then, across four experiments (Study 2), we tested two variations of a dual-identity intervention that originate from the Gateway group paradigm – one framed from the outgroup perspective, and another framed from the ingroup perspective. Here we were particularly focused on differences between the interventions in terms of their plausibility and effectiveness to induce perception of gateway groups’ dual identity, as well as on the relations between individual differences in ideological beliefs, ethnic identification, ethnocultural perspective taking, outgroup threat perception, and outgroup contact on one hand, and plausibility and dual identity perception on the other. The experiments were conducted in three post-conflict contexts: Serbia, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republika Srpska. Our results consistently indicated that plausibility assessment is shaped by individual differences in outgroup threat perception and perspective taking. When it comes to the differences between the interventions, we observed that the effectiveness of outgroup experience intervention, but not ingroup norm intervention, was moderated by plausibility assessment. This effect was especially pronounced in the contexts that were more directly affected by the recent intergroup conflict (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska), compared to the context of Serbia where conflict was present less directly.
Finally, across two experiments (Study 3), we tested whether plausibility shaped the success of the interventions in bias reduction. Consistent to Study 2, we observed that plausibility was important for the success of the outgroup experience intervention, but not the ingroup norm one. Importantly, we observed a backfire effect of the outgroup intervention among the individuals who assessed it as implausible in the context charged with intergroup threat (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina).
We discuss the observed results in the context of social-identity approach to intergroup bias and offer recommendations for further testing application of social-identity interventions.
Abstract (sr)
U fokusu ovog rada bile su socijalnoidentitetske intervencije za smanjenje međugrupnih pristrasnosti, preciznije, metodološke prakse koje se koriste pri testiranju ovih intervencija. Cilj nam je bio da sistematski pregledamo prakse korišćenja provera efikasnosti manipulacije (da li manipulacija utiče na konstrukt koji želimo njome da manipulišemo) i uverljivosti intervencija, a zatim da eksperimentalno testiramo kako individualne razlike oblikuju odnose između intervencije i njene uverljivosti, efikasnosti i uspešnosti.
U sistematskom pregledu literature (Studija 1), analizirali smo postojeće prakse provera manipulacije i uverljivosti u eksperimentalnim studijama koje ispituju efekte socijalnoidentitetskih intervencija. Posebnu pažnju obratili smo na učestalost upotrebe provera uverljivosti i efikasnosti manipulacije u ovim eksperimentima, kao i na njihovu ulogu u istraživanju, tj. da li se koriste kao kriterijum za isključenje učesnika iz analize efekata intervencija. Rezultati pokazuju da je upotreba provera efikasnosti manipulacije češća nego što je prethodno zabeleženo u socijalnopsihološkim eksperimentima. S druge strane, upotreba provera uverljivosti je izuzetno retka. Takođe, primećeno je da se ove vrste provera retko koriste kao kriterijum za isključenje.
Zatim smo kroz četiri eksperimenta (Studija 2) testirali dve varijante dualnoidentitetskih intervencija (podvrsta socijalnoidentitetskih intervencija) koje potiču iz paradigme „Grupa poveznica“ – jednu formulisanu iz perspektive nepripadničke grupe, a drugu iz perspektive pripadničke grupe. Poseban fokus bio je na razlikama između intervencija u pogledu njihove uverljivosti i efikasnosti u izazivanju percepcije dualnog identiteta manjinske grupe, kao i na odnosima između individualnih razlika u političkoj orijentaciji, etničkoj identifikaciji, zauzimanju perspektive drugih etnokulturnih grupa, opažanju međugrupne pretnje pretnje i kontaktu sa spoljnom grupom s jedne strane, i uverljvosti sadržaja intervencije i percepcije dualnog identiteta sa druge strane. Eksperimenti su sprovedeni u tri postkonfliktna konteksta: Srbiji, Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine i Republici Srpskoj. Naši rezultati dosledno ukazuju na to da procenu uverljivosti oblikuju individualne razlike u opaženoj pretnji i preuzimanju perspektive. Kada je reč o razlikama između intervencija, primećeno je da procena uverljivosti moderira efikasnost intervencije formulisane iz perspektive nepripadničke grupe, dok ovakav efekat nije zabeležen kod intervencije formulisane iz perspektive pripadničke grupe. Ovaj efekat je bio posebno izražen u kontekstima koji su bili direktnije pogođeni nedavnim međugrupnim konfliktom (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, Republika Srpska), u poređenju sa Srbijom, gde je konflikt bio manje direktno prisutan.
Na kraju, kroz dva eksperimenta (Studija 3), testirali smo da li uverljivost oblikuje uspešnost intervencija u smanjenju pristrasnosti. Konzistentno sa nalazima Studije 2, primetili smo da je uverljivost važan faktor uspešnosti intervencije formulisane iz perspektive nepripadničke grupe, ali ne i intervencije formulisane iz perspektive pripadničke grupe. Značajno je napomenuti da je intervencija formulisana iz perspektive nepripadničke grupe imala kontraefekat u slučajevima kada je ocenjena kao neuverljiva, posebno u kontekstu u kom je opažena međugrupna pretnja snažnija (Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine).
Dobijene rezultate diskutovali smo u kontekstu socijalnoidentitetskog pristupa međugrupnim pristrasnostima i ponudili preporuke za dalja testiranja i primenu socijalnoidentitetskih intervencija
Authors Key words
intergroup bias, social identity theory, group identity, manipulation checks, plausibility checks, motivated reasoning
Authors Key words
međugrupne pristrasnosti, teorija socijalnog identiteta, grupni identitet, provere efikasnosti manipulacije, provere uverljivosti, motivisano rezonovanje
Classification
316.6(043.3)
Type
Tekst
Abstract (en)
In this thesis, we focused on social-identity interventions for intergroup bias reduction, more precisely, on methodological practices used when these interventions are tested. We aimed to systematically review practices of using manipulation and plausibility checks, and then to experimentally test how individual differences shape the relations between intervention and its plausibility, effectiveness, and success.
In the systematic literature review (Study 1), we analyzed the current practices of plausibility and manipulation checks use in experimental studies that test social-identity interventions for intergroup bias reduction. We were interested in the frequency of plausibility and manipulation checks use in these experiments, as well as on the purpose of these checks, i.e., whether they are used as criteria for participants’ exclusion from the analysis of interventions’ effects. The results indicate that the use of manipulation checks is more frequent than the previously observed average in socio-psychological experiments. On the other hand, the use of plausibility checks is extremely rare. Additionally, we observed that these types of checks are rarely used as exclusion criteria.
Then, across four experiments (Study 2), we tested two variations of a dual-identity intervention that originate from the Gateway group paradigm – one framed from the outgroup perspective, and another framed from the ingroup perspective. Here we were particularly focused on differences between the interventions in terms of their plausibility and effectiveness to induce perception of gateway groups’ dual identity, as well as on the relations between individual differences in ideological beliefs, ethnic identification, ethnocultural perspective taking, outgroup threat perception, and outgroup contact on one hand, and plausibility and dual identity perception on the other. The experiments were conducted in three post-conflict contexts: Serbia, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republika Srpska. Our results consistently indicated that plausibility assessment is shaped by individual differences in outgroup threat perception and perspective taking. When it comes to the differences between the interventions, we observed that the effectiveness of outgroup experience intervention, but not ingroup norm intervention, was moderated by plausibility assessment. This effect was especially pronounced in the contexts that were more directly affected by the recent intergroup conflict (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska), compared to the context of Serbia where conflict was present less directly.
Finally, across two experiments (Study 3), we tested whether plausibility shaped the success of the interventions in bias reduction. Consistent to Study 2, we observed that plausibility was important for the success of the outgroup experience intervention, but not the ingroup norm one. Importantly, we observed a backfire effect of the outgroup intervention among the individuals who assessed it as implausible in the context charged with intergroup threat (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina).
We discuss the observed results in the context of social-identity approach to intergroup bias and offer recommendations for further testing application of social-identity interventions.
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